Update memory-size log message.
[lightning.git] / slicenumpy.go
1 // Copyright (C) The Lightning Authors. All rights reserved.
2 //
3 // SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0
4
5 package lightning
6
7 import (
8         "bufio"
9         "bytes"
10         "encoding/gob"
11         "flag"
12         "fmt"
13         "io"
14         "io/ioutil"
15         "math"
16         "net/http"
17         _ "net/http/pprof"
18         "os"
19         "regexp"
20         "runtime"
21         "runtime/debug"
22         "sort"
23         "strconv"
24         "strings"
25         "sync/atomic"
26         "unsafe"
27
28         "git.arvados.org/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
29         "github.com/arvados/lightning/hgvs"
30         "github.com/kshedden/gonpy"
31         log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
32         "golang.org/x/crypto/blake2b"
33 )
34
35 type sliceNumpy struct {
36         filter                filter
37         threads               int
38         chi2CaseControlColumn string
39         chi2CaseControlFile   string
40         chi2Cases             []bool
41         chi2PValue            float64
42         minCoverage           int
43         cgnames               []string
44 }
45
46 func (cmd *sliceNumpy) RunCommand(prog string, args []string, stdin io.Reader, stdout, stderr io.Writer) int {
47         var err error
48         defer func() {
49                 if err != nil {
50                         fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", err)
51                 }
52         }()
53         flags := flag.NewFlagSet("", flag.ContinueOnError)
54         flags.SetOutput(stderr)
55         pprof := flags.String("pprof", "", "serve Go profile data at http://`[addr]:port`")
56         runlocal := flags.Bool("local", false, "run on local host (default: run in an arvados container)")
57         projectUUID := flags.String("project", "", "project `UUID` for output data")
58         priority := flags.Int("priority", 500, "container request priority")
59         inputDir := flags.String("input-dir", "./in", "input `directory`")
60         outputDir := flags.String("output-dir", "./out", "output `directory`")
61         ref := flags.String("ref", "", "reference name (if blank, choose last one that appears in input)")
62         regionsFilename := flags.String("regions", "", "only output columns/annotations that intersect regions in specified bed `file`")
63         expandRegions := flags.Int("expand-regions", 0, "expand specified regions by `N` base pairs on each side`")
64         mergeOutput := flags.Bool("merge-output", false, "merge output into one matrix.npy and one matrix.annotations.csv")
65         hgvsSingle := flags.Bool("single-hgvs-matrix", false, "also generate hgvs-based matrix")
66         hgvsChunked := flags.Bool("chunked-hgvs-matrix", false, "also generate hgvs-based matrix per chromosome")
67         onehotSingle := flags.Bool("single-onehot", false, "generate one-hot tile-based matrix")
68         onehotChunked := flags.Bool("chunked-onehot", false, "generate one-hot tile-based matrix per input chunk")
69         flags.IntVar(&cmd.threads, "threads", 16, "number of memory-hungry assembly threads")
70         flags.StringVar(&cmd.chi2CaseControlFile, "chi2-case-control-file", "", "tsv file or directory indicating cases and controls for Χ² test (if directory, all .tsv files will be read)")
71         flags.StringVar(&cmd.chi2CaseControlColumn, "chi2-case-control-column", "", "name of case/control column in case-control files for Χ² test (value must be 0 for control, 1 for case)")
72         flags.Float64Var(&cmd.chi2PValue, "chi2-p-value", 1, "do Χ² test and omit columns with p-value above this threshold")
73         cmd.filter.Flags(flags)
74         err = flags.Parse(args)
75         if err == flag.ErrHelp {
76                 err = nil
77                 return 0
78         } else if err != nil {
79                 return 2
80         }
81
82         if *pprof != "" {
83                 go func() {
84                         log.Println(http.ListenAndServe(*pprof, nil))
85                 }()
86         }
87
88         if cmd.chi2PValue != 1 && (cmd.chi2CaseControlFile == "" || cmd.chi2CaseControlColumn == "") {
89                 log.Errorf("cannot use provided -chi2-p-value=%f because -chi2-case-control-file= or -chi2-case-control-column= value is empty", cmd.chi2PValue)
90                 return 2
91         }
92
93         if !*runlocal {
94                 runner := arvadosContainerRunner{
95                         Name:        "lightning slice-numpy",
96                         Client:      arvados.NewClientFromEnv(),
97                         ProjectUUID: *projectUUID,
98                         RAM:         750000000000,
99                         VCPUs:       96,
100                         Priority:    *priority,
101                         KeepCache:   2,
102                         APIAccess:   true,
103                 }
104                 err = runner.TranslatePaths(inputDir, regionsFilename, &cmd.chi2CaseControlFile)
105                 if err != nil {
106                         return 1
107                 }
108                 runner.Args = []string{"slice-numpy", "-local=true",
109                         "-pprof=:6060",
110                         "-input-dir=" + *inputDir,
111                         "-output-dir=/mnt/output",
112                         "-threads=" + fmt.Sprintf("%d", cmd.threads),
113                         "-regions=" + *regionsFilename,
114                         "-expand-regions=" + fmt.Sprintf("%d", *expandRegions),
115                         "-merge-output=" + fmt.Sprintf("%v", *mergeOutput),
116                         "-single-hgvs-matrix=" + fmt.Sprintf("%v", *hgvsSingle),
117                         "-chunked-hgvs-matrix=" + fmt.Sprintf("%v", *hgvsChunked),
118                         "-single-onehot=" + fmt.Sprintf("%v", *onehotSingle),
119                         "-chunked-onehot=" + fmt.Sprintf("%v", *onehotChunked),
120                         "-chi2-case-control-file=" + cmd.chi2CaseControlFile,
121                         "-chi2-case-control-column=" + cmd.chi2CaseControlColumn,
122                         "-chi2-p-value=" + fmt.Sprintf("%f", cmd.chi2PValue),
123                 }
124                 runner.Args = append(runner.Args, cmd.filter.Args()...)
125                 var output string
126                 output, err = runner.Run()
127                 if err != nil {
128                         return 1
129                 }
130                 fmt.Fprintln(stdout, output)
131                 return 0
132         }
133
134         infiles, err := allFiles(*inputDir, matchGobFile)
135         if err != nil {
136                 return 1
137         }
138         if len(infiles) == 0 {
139                 err = fmt.Errorf("no input files found in %s", *inputDir)
140                 return 1
141         }
142         sort.Strings(infiles)
143
144         var refseq map[string][]tileLibRef
145         var reftiledata = make(map[tileLibRef][]byte, 11000000)
146         in0, err := open(infiles[0])
147         if err != nil {
148                 return 1
149         }
150
151         matchGenome, err := regexp.Compile(cmd.filter.MatchGenome)
152         if err != nil {
153                 err = fmt.Errorf("-match-genome: invalid regexp: %q", cmd.filter.MatchGenome)
154                 return 1
155         }
156
157         cmd.cgnames = nil
158         taglen := -1
159         DecodeLibrary(in0, strings.HasSuffix(infiles[0], ".gz"), func(ent *LibraryEntry) error {
160                 if len(ent.TagSet) > 0 {
161                         taglen = len(ent.TagSet[0])
162                 }
163                 for _, cseq := range ent.CompactSequences {
164                         if cseq.Name == *ref || *ref == "" {
165                                 refseq = cseq.TileSequences
166                         }
167                 }
168                 for _, cg := range ent.CompactGenomes {
169                         if matchGenome.MatchString(cg.Name) {
170                                 cmd.cgnames = append(cmd.cgnames, cg.Name)
171                         }
172                 }
173                 for _, tv := range ent.TileVariants {
174                         if tv.Ref {
175                                 reftiledata[tileLibRef{tv.Tag, tv.Variant}] = tv.Sequence
176                         }
177                 }
178                 return nil
179         })
180         if err != nil {
181                 return 1
182         }
183         in0.Close()
184         if refseq == nil {
185                 err = fmt.Errorf("%s: reference sequence not found", infiles[0])
186                 return 1
187         }
188         if taglen < 0 {
189                 err = fmt.Errorf("tagset not found")
190                 return 1
191         }
192         if len(cmd.cgnames) == 0 {
193                 err = fmt.Errorf("no genomes found matching regexp %q", cmd.filter.MatchGenome)
194                 return 1
195         }
196         sort.Strings(cmd.cgnames)
197         err = cmd.useCaseControlFiles()
198         if err != nil {
199                 return 1
200         }
201         cmd.minCoverage = int(math.Ceil(cmd.filter.MinCoverage * float64(len(cmd.cgnames))))
202
203         {
204                 labelsFilename := *outputDir + "/samples.csv"
205                 log.Infof("writing labels to %s", labelsFilename)
206                 var f *os.File
207                 f, err = os.Create(labelsFilename)
208                 if err != nil {
209                         return 1
210                 }
211                 defer f.Close()
212                 for i, name := range cmd.cgnames {
213                         cc := 0
214                         if cmd.chi2Cases != nil && cmd.chi2Cases[i] {
215                                 cc = 1
216                         }
217                         _, err = fmt.Fprintf(f, "%d,%q,%d\n", i, trimFilenameForLabel(name), cc)
218                         if err != nil {
219                                 err = fmt.Errorf("write %s: %w", labelsFilename, err)
220                                 return 1
221                         }
222                 }
223                 err = f.Close()
224                 if err != nil {
225                         err = fmt.Errorf("close %s: %w", labelsFilename, err)
226                         return 1
227                 }
228         }
229
230         log.Info("indexing reference tiles")
231         type reftileinfo struct {
232                 variant  tileVariantID
233                 seqname  string // chr1
234                 pos      int    // distance from start of chromosome to starttag
235                 tiledata []byte // acgtggcaa...
236         }
237         isdup := map[tagID]bool{}
238         reftile := map[tagID]*reftileinfo{}
239         for seqname, cseq := range refseq {
240                 pos := 0
241                 for _, libref := range cseq {
242                         tiledata := reftiledata[libref]
243                         if len(tiledata) == 0 {
244                                 err = fmt.Errorf("missing tiledata for tag %d variant %d in %s in ref", libref.Tag, libref.Variant, seqname)
245                                 return 1
246                         }
247                         if isdup[libref.Tag] {
248                                 log.Printf("dropping reference tile %+v from %s @ %d, tag not unique", libref, seqname, pos)
249                         } else if reftile[libref.Tag] != nil {
250                                 log.Printf("dropping reference tile %+v from %s @ %d, tag not unique", tileLibRef{Tag: libref.Tag, Variant: reftile[libref.Tag].variant}, reftile[libref.Tag].seqname, reftile[libref.Tag].pos)
251                                 delete(reftile, libref.Tag)
252                                 log.Printf("dropping reference tile %+v from %s @ %d, tag not unique", libref, seqname, pos)
253                                 isdup[libref.Tag] = true
254                         } else {
255                                 reftile[libref.Tag] = &reftileinfo{
256                                         seqname:  seqname,
257                                         variant:  libref.Variant,
258                                         tiledata: tiledata,
259                                         pos:      pos,
260                                 }
261                         }
262                         pos += len(tiledata) - taglen
263                 }
264                 log.Printf("... %s done, len %d", seqname, pos+taglen)
265         }
266
267         var mask *mask
268         if *regionsFilename != "" {
269                 log.Printf("loading regions from %s", *regionsFilename)
270                 mask, err = makeMask(*regionsFilename, *expandRegions)
271                 if err != nil {
272                         return 1
273                 }
274                 log.Printf("before applying mask, len(reftile) == %d", len(reftile))
275                 log.Printf("deleting reftile entries for regions outside %d intervals", mask.Len())
276                 for tag, rt := range reftile {
277                         if !mask.Check(strings.TrimPrefix(rt.seqname, "chr"), rt.pos, rt.pos+len(rt.tiledata)) {
278                                 delete(reftile, tag)
279                         }
280                 }
281                 log.Printf("after applying mask, len(reftile) == %d", len(reftile))
282         }
283
284         type hgvsColSet map[hgvs.Variant][2][]int8
285         encodeHGVS := throttle{Max: len(refseq)}
286         encodeHGVSTodo := map[string]chan hgvsColSet{}
287         tmpHGVSCols := map[string]*os.File{}
288         if *hgvsChunked {
289                 for seqname := range refseq {
290                         var f *os.File
291                         f, err = os.Create(*outputDir + "/tmp." + seqname + ".gob")
292                         if err != nil {
293                                 return 1
294                         }
295                         defer os.Remove(f.Name())
296                         bufw := bufio.NewWriterSize(f, 1<<24)
297                         enc := gob.NewEncoder(bufw)
298                         tmpHGVSCols[seqname] = f
299                         todo := make(chan hgvsColSet, 128)
300                         encodeHGVSTodo[seqname] = todo
301                         encodeHGVS.Go(func() error {
302                                 for colset := range todo {
303                                         err := enc.Encode(colset)
304                                         if err != nil {
305                                                 encodeHGVS.Report(err)
306                                                 for range todo {
307                                                 }
308                                                 return err
309                                         }
310                                 }
311                                 return bufw.Flush()
312                         })
313                 }
314         }
315
316         var toMerge [][]int16
317         if *mergeOutput || *hgvsSingle {
318                 toMerge = make([][]int16, len(infiles))
319         }
320         var onehotIndirect [][2][]uint32 // [chunkIndex][axis][index]
321         var onehotXrefs [][]onehotXref
322         if *onehotSingle {
323                 onehotIndirect = make([][2][]uint32, len(infiles))
324                 onehotXrefs = make([][]onehotXref, len(infiles))
325         }
326
327         throttleMem := throttle{Max: cmd.threads} // TODO: estimate using mem and data size
328         throttleNumpyMem := throttle{Max: cmd.threads/2 + 1}
329         log.Info("generating annotations and numpy matrix for each slice")
330         var done int64
331         for infileIdx, infile := range infiles {
332                 infileIdx, infile := infileIdx, infile
333                 throttleMem.Go(func() error {
334                         seq := make(map[tagID][]TileVariant, 50000)
335                         cgs := make(map[string]CompactGenome, len(cmd.cgnames))
336                         f, err := open(infile)
337                         if err != nil {
338                                 return err
339                         }
340                         defer f.Close()
341                         log.Infof("%04d: reading %s", infileIdx, infile)
342                         err = DecodeLibrary(f, strings.HasSuffix(infile, ".gz"), func(ent *LibraryEntry) error {
343                                 for _, tv := range ent.TileVariants {
344                                         if tv.Ref {
345                                                 continue
346                                         }
347                                         if mask != nil && reftile[tv.Tag] == nil {
348                                                 // Don't waste
349                                                 // time/memory on
350                                                 // masked-out tiles.
351                                                 continue
352                                         }
353                                         variants := seq[tv.Tag]
354                                         if len(variants) == 0 {
355                                                 variants = make([]TileVariant, 100)
356                                         }
357                                         for len(variants) <= int(tv.Variant) {
358                                                 variants = append(variants, TileVariant{})
359                                         }
360                                         variants[int(tv.Variant)] = tv
361                                         seq[tv.Tag] = variants
362                                 }
363                                 for _, cg := range ent.CompactGenomes {
364                                         if !matchGenome.MatchString(cg.Name) {
365                                                 continue
366                                         }
367                                         // pad to full slice size
368                                         // to avoid out-of-bounds
369                                         // checks later
370                                         if sliceSize := 2 * int(cg.EndTag-cg.StartTag); len(cg.Variants) < sliceSize {
371                                                 cg.Variants = append(cg.Variants, make([]tileVariantID, sliceSize-len(cg.Variants))...)
372                                         }
373                                         cgs[cg.Name] = cg
374                                 }
375                                 return nil
376                         })
377                         if err != nil {
378                                 return err
379                         }
380                         tagstart := cgs[cmd.cgnames[0]].StartTag
381                         tagend := cgs[cmd.cgnames[0]].EndTag
382
383                         // TODO: filters
384
385                         log.Infof("%04d: renumber/dedup variants for tags %d-%d", infileIdx, tagstart, tagend)
386                         variantRemap := make([][]tileVariantID, tagend-tagstart)
387                         throttleCPU := throttle{Max: runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0)}
388                         for tag, variants := range seq {
389                                 tag, variants := tag, variants
390                                 throttleCPU.Acquire()
391                                 go func() {
392                                         defer throttleCPU.Release()
393                                         count := make(map[[blake2b.Size256]byte]int, len(variants))
394
395                                         rt := reftile[tag]
396                                         if rt != nil {
397                                                 count[blake2b.Sum256(rt.tiledata)] = 0
398                                         }
399
400                                         for _, cg := range cgs {
401                                                 idx := int(tag-tagstart) * 2
402                                                 for allele := 0; allele < 2; allele++ {
403                                                         v := cg.Variants[idx+allele]
404                                                         if v > 0 && len(variants[v].Sequence) > 0 {
405                                                                 count[variants[v].Blake2b]++
406                                                         }
407                                                 }
408                                         }
409                                         // hash[i] will be the hash of
410                                         // the variant(s) that should
411                                         // be at rank i (0-based).
412                                         hash := make([][blake2b.Size256]byte, 0, len(count))
413                                         for b := range count {
414                                                 hash = append(hash, b)
415                                         }
416                                         sort.Slice(hash, func(i, j int) bool {
417                                                 bi, bj := &hash[i], &hash[j]
418                                                 if ci, cj := count[*bi], count[*bj]; ci != cj {
419                                                         return ci > cj
420                                                 } else {
421                                                         return bytes.Compare((*bi)[:], (*bj)[:]) < 0
422                                                 }
423                                         })
424                                         // rank[b] will be the 1-based
425                                         // new variant number for
426                                         // variants whose hash is b.
427                                         rank := make(map[[blake2b.Size256]byte]tileVariantID, len(hash))
428                                         for i, h := range hash {
429                                                 rank[h] = tileVariantID(i + 1)
430                                         }
431                                         // remap[v] will be the new
432                                         // variant number for original
433                                         // variant number v.
434                                         remap := make([]tileVariantID, len(variants))
435                                         for i, tv := range variants {
436                                                 remap[i] = rank[tv.Blake2b]
437                                         }
438                                         variantRemap[tag-tagstart] = remap
439                                         if rt != nil {
440                                                 rt.variant = rank[blake2b.Sum256(rt.tiledata)]
441                                         }
442                                 }()
443                         }
444                         throttleCPU.Wait()
445
446                         var onehotChunk [][]int8
447                         var onehotXref []onehotXref
448
449                         annotationsFilename := fmt.Sprintf("%s/matrix.%04d.annotations.csv", *outputDir, infileIdx)
450                         log.Infof("%04d: writing %s", infileIdx, annotationsFilename)
451                         annof, err := os.Create(annotationsFilename)
452                         if err != nil {
453                                 return err
454                         }
455                         annow := bufio.NewWriterSize(annof, 1<<20)
456                         outcol := 0
457                         for tag := tagstart; tag < tagend; tag++ {
458                                 rt, ok := reftile[tag]
459                                 if !ok {
460                                         if mask == nil {
461                                                 outcol++
462                                         }
463                                         // Excluded by specified
464                                         // regions, or reference does
465                                         // not use any variant of this
466                                         // tile. (TODO: log this?
467                                         // mention it in annotations?)
468                                         continue
469                                 }
470                                 remap := variantRemap[tag-tagstart]
471                                 maxv := tileVariantID(0)
472                                 for _, v := range remap {
473                                         if maxv < v {
474                                                 maxv = v
475                                         }
476                                 }
477                                 if *onehotChunked || *onehotSingle {
478                                         onehot, xrefs := cmd.tv2homhet(cgs, maxv, remap, tag, tagstart)
479                                         onehotChunk = append(onehotChunk, onehot...)
480                                         onehotXref = append(onehotXref, xrefs...)
481                                 }
482                                 fmt.Fprintf(annow, "%d,%d,%d,=,%s,%d,,,\n", tag, outcol, rt.variant, rt.seqname, rt.pos)
483                                 variants := seq[tag]
484                                 reftilestr := strings.ToUpper(string(rt.tiledata))
485
486                                 done := make([]bool, maxv+1)
487                                 variantDiffs := make([][]hgvs.Variant, maxv+1)
488                                 for v, tv := range variants {
489                                         v := remap[v]
490                                         if v == rt.variant || done[v] {
491                                                 continue
492                                         } else {
493                                                 done[v] = true
494                                         }
495                                         if len(tv.Sequence) < taglen || !bytes.HasSuffix(rt.tiledata, tv.Sequence[len(tv.Sequence)-taglen:]) {
496                                                 fmt.Fprintf(annow, "%d,%d,%d,,%s,%d,,,\n", tag, outcol, v, rt.seqname, rt.pos)
497                                                 continue
498                                         }
499                                         if lendiff := len(rt.tiledata) - len(tv.Sequence); lendiff < -1000 || lendiff > 1000 {
500                                                 fmt.Fprintf(annow, "%d,%d,%d,,%s,%d,,,\n", tag, outcol, v, rt.seqname, rt.pos)
501                                                 continue
502                                         }
503                                         diffs, _ := hgvs.Diff(reftilestr, strings.ToUpper(string(tv.Sequence)), 0)
504                                         for i := range diffs {
505                                                 diffs[i].Position += rt.pos
506                                         }
507                                         for _, diff := range diffs {
508                                                 fmt.Fprintf(annow, "%d,%d,%d,%s:g.%s,%s,%d,%s,%s,%s\n", tag, outcol, v, rt.seqname, diff.String(), rt.seqname, diff.Position, diff.Ref, diff.New, diff.Left)
509                                         }
510                                         if *hgvsChunked {
511                                                 variantDiffs[v] = diffs
512                                         }
513                                 }
514                                 if *hgvsChunked {
515                                         // We can now determine, for each HGVS
516                                         // variant (diff) in this reftile
517                                         // region, whether a given genome
518                                         // phase/allele (1) has the variant, (0) has
519                                         // =ref or a different variant in that
520                                         // position, or (-1) is lacking
521                                         // coverage / couldn't be diffed.
522                                         hgvsCol := hgvsColSet{}
523                                         for _, diffs := range variantDiffs {
524                                                 for _, diff := range diffs {
525                                                         if _, ok := hgvsCol[diff]; ok {
526                                                                 continue
527                                                         }
528                                                         hgvsCol[diff] = [2][]int8{
529                                                                 make([]int8, len(cmd.cgnames)),
530                                                                 make([]int8, len(cmd.cgnames)),
531                                                         }
532                                                 }
533                                         }
534                                         for row, name := range cmd.cgnames {
535                                                 variants := cgs[name].Variants[(tag-tagstart)*2:]
536                                                 for ph := 0; ph < 2; ph++ {
537                                                         v := variants[ph]
538                                                         if int(v) >= len(remap) {
539                                                                 v = 0
540                                                         } else {
541                                                                 v = remap[v]
542                                                         }
543                                                         if v == rt.variant {
544                                                                 // hgvsCol[*][ph][row] is already 0
545                                                         } else if len(variantDiffs[v]) == 0 {
546                                                                 // lacking coverage / couldn't be diffed
547                                                                 for _, col := range hgvsCol {
548                                                                         col[ph][row] = -1
549                                                                 }
550                                                         } else {
551                                                                 for _, diff := range variantDiffs[v] {
552                                                                         hgvsCol[diff][ph][row] = 1
553                                                                 }
554                                                         }
555                                                 }
556                                         }
557                                         for diff, colpair := range hgvsCol {
558                                                 allele2homhet(colpair)
559                                                 if !cmd.filterHGVScolpair(colpair) {
560                                                         delete(hgvsCol, diff)
561                                                 }
562                                         }
563                                         if len(hgvsCol) > 0 {
564                                                 encodeHGVSTodo[rt.seqname] <- hgvsCol
565                                         }
566                                 }
567                                 outcol++
568                         }
569                         err = annow.Flush()
570                         if err != nil {
571                                 return err
572                         }
573                         err = annof.Close()
574                         if err != nil {
575                                 return err
576                         }
577
578                         if *onehotChunked {
579                                 // transpose onehotChunk[col][row] to numpy[row*ncols+col]
580                                 rows := len(cmd.cgnames)
581                                 cols := len(onehotChunk)
582                                 log.Infof("%04d: preparing onehot numpy (rows=%d, cols=%d, mem=%d)", infileIdx, len(cmd.cgnames), len(onehotChunk), len(cmd.cgnames)*len(onehotChunk))
583                                 throttleNumpyMem.Acquire()
584                                 out := onehotcols2int8(onehotChunk)
585                                 fnm := fmt.Sprintf("%s/onehot.%04d.npy", *outputDir, infileIdx)
586                                 err = writeNumpyInt8(fnm, out, rows, cols)
587                                 if err != nil {
588                                         return err
589                                 }
590                                 fnm = fmt.Sprintf("%s/onehot-columns.%04d.npy", *outputDir, infileIdx)
591                                 err = writeNumpyInt32(fnm, onehotXref2int32(onehotXref), 4, len(onehotXref))
592                                 if err != nil {
593                                         return err
594                                 }
595                                 debug.FreeOSMemory()
596                                 throttleNumpyMem.Release()
597                         }
598                         if *onehotSingle {
599                                 onehotIndirect[infileIdx] = onehotChunk2Indirect(onehotChunk)
600                                 onehotXrefs[infileIdx] = onehotXref
601                                 n := len(onehotIndirect[infileIdx][0])
602                                 log.Infof("%04d: keeping onehot coordinates in memory (n=%d, mem=%d)", infileIdx, n, n*8)
603                         }
604                         if !(*onehotSingle || *onehotChunked) || *mergeOutput || *hgvsSingle {
605                                 log.Infof("%04d: preparing numpy", infileIdx)
606                                 throttleNumpyMem.Acquire()
607                                 rows := len(cmd.cgnames)
608                                 cols := 2 * outcol
609                                 out := make([]int16, rows*cols)
610                                 for row, name := range cmd.cgnames {
611                                         out := out[row*cols:]
612                                         outcol := 0
613                                         for col, v := range cgs[name].Variants {
614                                                 tag := tagstart + tagID(col/2)
615                                                 if mask != nil && reftile[tag] == nil {
616                                                         continue
617                                                 }
618                                                 if variants, ok := seq[tag]; ok && len(variants) > int(v) && len(variants[v].Sequence) > 0 {
619                                                         out[outcol] = int16(variantRemap[tag-tagstart][v])
620                                                 } else {
621                                                         out[outcol] = -1
622                                                 }
623                                                 outcol++
624                                         }
625                                 }
626                                 seq = nil
627                                 cgs = nil
628                                 debug.FreeOSMemory()
629                                 throttleNumpyMem.Release()
630                                 if *mergeOutput || *hgvsSingle {
631                                         log.Infof("%04d: matrix fragment %d rows x %d cols", infileIdx, rows, cols)
632                                         toMerge[infileIdx] = out
633                                 }
634                                 if !*mergeOutput && !*onehotChunked && !*onehotSingle {
635                                         fnm := fmt.Sprintf("%s/matrix.%04d.npy", *outputDir, infileIdx)
636                                         err = writeNumpyInt16(fnm, out, rows, cols)
637                                         if err != nil {
638                                                 return err
639                                         }
640                                 }
641                         }
642                         debug.FreeOSMemory()
643                         log.Infof("%s: done (%d/%d)", infile, int(atomic.AddInt64(&done, 1)), len(infiles))
644                         return nil
645                 })
646         }
647         if err = throttleMem.Wait(); err != nil {
648                 return 1
649         }
650
651         if *hgvsChunked {
652                 log.Info("flushing hgvsCols temp files")
653                 for seqname := range refseq {
654                         close(encodeHGVSTodo[seqname])
655                 }
656                 err = encodeHGVS.Wait()
657                 if err != nil {
658                         return 1
659                 }
660                 for seqname := range refseq {
661                         log.Infof("%s: reading hgvsCols from temp file", seqname)
662                         f := tmpHGVSCols[seqname]
663                         _, err = f.Seek(0, io.SeekStart)
664                         if err != nil {
665                                 return 1
666                         }
667                         var hgvsCols hgvsColSet
668                         dec := gob.NewDecoder(bufio.NewReaderSize(f, 1<<24))
669                         for err == nil {
670                                 err = dec.Decode(&hgvsCols)
671                         }
672                         if err != io.EOF {
673                                 return 1
674                         }
675                         log.Infof("%s: sorting %d hgvs variants", seqname, len(hgvsCols))
676                         variants := make([]hgvs.Variant, 0, len(hgvsCols))
677                         for v := range hgvsCols {
678                                 variants = append(variants, v)
679                         }
680                         sort.Slice(variants, func(i, j int) bool {
681                                 vi, vj := &variants[i], &variants[j]
682                                 if vi.Position != vj.Position {
683                                         return vi.Position < vj.Position
684                                 } else if vi.Ref != vj.Ref {
685                                         return vi.Ref < vj.Ref
686                                 } else {
687                                         return vi.New < vj.New
688                                 }
689                         })
690                         rows := len(cmd.cgnames)
691                         cols := len(variants) * 2
692                         log.Infof("%s: building hgvs matrix (rows=%d, cols=%d, mem=%d)", seqname, rows, cols, rows*cols)
693                         out := make([]int8, rows*cols)
694                         for varIdx, variant := range variants {
695                                 hgvsCols := hgvsCols[variant]
696                                 for row := range cmd.cgnames {
697                                         for ph := 0; ph < 2; ph++ {
698                                                 out[row*cols+varIdx+ph] = hgvsCols[ph][row]
699                                         }
700                                 }
701                         }
702                         err = writeNumpyInt8(fmt.Sprintf("%s/hgvs.%s.npy", *outputDir, seqname), out, rows, cols)
703                         if err != nil {
704                                 return 1
705                         }
706                         out = nil
707
708                         fnm := fmt.Sprintf("%s/hgvs.%s.annotations.csv", *outputDir, seqname)
709                         log.Infof("%s: writing hgvs column labels to %s", seqname, fnm)
710                         var hgvsLabels bytes.Buffer
711                         for varIdx, variant := range variants {
712                                 fmt.Fprintf(&hgvsLabels, "%d,%s:g.%s\n", varIdx, seqname, variant.String())
713                         }
714                         err = ioutil.WriteFile(fnm, hgvsLabels.Bytes(), 0666)
715                         if err != nil {
716                                 return 1
717                         }
718                 }
719         }
720
721         if *mergeOutput || *hgvsSingle {
722                 var annow *bufio.Writer
723                 var annof *os.File
724                 if *mergeOutput {
725                         annoFilename := fmt.Sprintf("%s/matrix.annotations.csv", *outputDir)
726                         annof, err = os.Create(annoFilename)
727                         if err != nil {
728                                 return 1
729                         }
730                         annow = bufio.NewWriterSize(annof, 1<<20)
731                 }
732
733                 rows := len(cmd.cgnames)
734                 cols := 0
735                 for _, chunk := range toMerge {
736                         cols += len(chunk) / rows
737                 }
738                 log.Infof("merging output matrix (rows=%d, cols=%d, mem=%d) and annotations", rows, cols, rows*cols*2)
739                 var out []int16
740                 if *mergeOutput {
741                         out = make([]int16, rows*cols)
742                 }
743                 hgvsCols := map[string][2][]int16{} // hgvs -> [[g0,g1,g2,...], [g0,g1,g2,...]] (slice of genomes for each phase)
744                 startcol := 0
745                 for outIdx, chunk := range toMerge {
746                         chunkcols := len(chunk) / rows
747                         if *mergeOutput {
748                                 for row := 0; row < rows; row++ {
749                                         copy(out[row*cols+startcol:], chunk[row*chunkcols:(row+1)*chunkcols])
750                                 }
751                         }
752                         toMerge[outIdx] = nil
753
754                         annotationsFilename := fmt.Sprintf("%s/matrix.%04d.annotations.csv", *outputDir, outIdx)
755                         log.Infof("reading %s", annotationsFilename)
756                         buf, err := os.ReadFile(annotationsFilename)
757                         if err != nil {
758                                 return 1
759                         }
760                         if *mergeOutput {
761                                 err = os.Remove(annotationsFilename)
762                                 if err != nil {
763                                         return 1
764                                 }
765                         }
766                         for _, line := range bytes.Split(buf, []byte{'\n'}) {
767                                 if len(line) == 0 {
768                                         continue
769                                 }
770                                 fields := bytes.SplitN(line, []byte{','}, 9)
771                                 tag, _ := strconv.Atoi(string(fields[0]))
772                                 incol, _ := strconv.Atoi(string(fields[1]))
773                                 tileVariant, _ := strconv.Atoi(string(fields[2]))
774                                 hgvsID := string(fields[3])
775                                 seqname := string(fields[4])
776                                 pos, _ := strconv.Atoi(string(fields[5]))
777                                 refseq := fields[6]
778                                 if hgvsID == "" {
779                                         // Null entry for un-diffable
780                                         // tile variant
781                                         continue
782                                 }
783                                 if hgvsID == "=" {
784                                         // Null entry for ref tile
785                                         continue
786                                 }
787                                 if mask != nil && !mask.Check(strings.TrimPrefix(seqname, "chr"), pos, pos+len(refseq)) {
788                                         // The tile intersects one of
789                                         // the selected regions, but
790                                         // this particular HGVS
791                                         // variant does not.
792                                         continue
793                                 }
794                                 hgvsColPair := hgvsCols[hgvsID]
795                                 if hgvsColPair[0] == nil {
796                                         // values in new columns start
797                                         // out as -1 ("no data yet")
798                                         // or 0 ("=ref") here, may
799                                         // change to 1 ("hgvs variant
800                                         // present") below, either on
801                                         // this line or a future line.
802                                         hgvsColPair = [2][]int16{make([]int16, len(cmd.cgnames)), make([]int16, len(cmd.cgnames))}
803                                         rt, ok := reftile[tagID(tag)]
804                                         if !ok {
805                                                 err = fmt.Errorf("bug: seeing annotations for tag %d, but it has no reftile entry", tag)
806                                                 return 1
807                                         }
808                                         for ph := 0; ph < 2; ph++ {
809                                                 for row := 0; row < rows; row++ {
810                                                         v := chunk[row*chunkcols+incol*2+ph]
811                                                         if tileVariantID(v) == rt.variant {
812                                                                 hgvsColPair[ph][row] = 0
813                                                         } else {
814                                                                 hgvsColPair[ph][row] = -1
815                                                         }
816                                                 }
817                                         }
818                                         hgvsCols[hgvsID] = hgvsColPair
819                                         if annow != nil {
820                                                 hgvsref := hgvs.Variant{
821                                                         Position: pos,
822                                                         Ref:      string(refseq),
823                                                         New:      string(refseq),
824                                                 }
825                                                 fmt.Fprintf(annow, "%d,%d,%d,%s:g.%s,%s,%d,%s,%s,%s\n", tag, incol+startcol/2, rt.variant, seqname, hgvsref.String(), seqname, pos, refseq, refseq, fields[8])
826                                         }
827                                 }
828                                 if annow != nil {
829                                         fmt.Fprintf(annow, "%d,%d,%d,%s,%s,%d,%s,%s,%s\n", tag, incol+startcol/2, tileVariant, hgvsID, seqname, pos, refseq, fields[7], fields[8])
830                                 }
831                                 for ph := 0; ph < 2; ph++ {
832                                         for row := 0; row < rows; row++ {
833                                                 v := chunk[row*chunkcols+incol*2+ph]
834                                                 if int(v) == tileVariant {
835                                                         hgvsColPair[ph][row] = 1
836                                                 }
837                                         }
838                                 }
839                         }
840
841                         startcol += chunkcols
842                 }
843                 if *mergeOutput {
844                         err = annow.Flush()
845                         if err != nil {
846                                 return 1
847                         }
848                         err = annof.Close()
849                         if err != nil {
850                                 return 1
851                         }
852                         err = writeNumpyInt16(fmt.Sprintf("%s/matrix.npy", *outputDir), out, rows, cols)
853                         if err != nil {
854                                 return 1
855                         }
856                 }
857                 out = nil
858
859                 if *hgvsSingle {
860                         cols = len(hgvsCols) * 2
861                         log.Printf("building hgvs-based matrix: %d rows x %d cols", rows, cols)
862                         out = make([]int16, rows*cols)
863                         hgvsIDs := make([]string, 0, cols/2)
864                         for hgvsID := range hgvsCols {
865                                 hgvsIDs = append(hgvsIDs, hgvsID)
866                         }
867                         sort.Strings(hgvsIDs)
868                         var hgvsLabels bytes.Buffer
869                         for idx, hgvsID := range hgvsIDs {
870                                 fmt.Fprintf(&hgvsLabels, "%d,%s\n", idx, hgvsID)
871                                 for ph := 0; ph < 2; ph++ {
872                                         hgvscol := hgvsCols[hgvsID][ph]
873                                         for row, val := range hgvscol {
874                                                 out[row*cols+idx*2+ph] = val
875                                         }
876                                 }
877                         }
878                         err = writeNumpyInt16(fmt.Sprintf("%s/hgvs.npy", *outputDir), out, rows, cols)
879                         if err != nil {
880                                 return 1
881                         }
882
883                         fnm := fmt.Sprintf("%s/hgvs.annotations.csv", *outputDir)
884                         log.Printf("writing hgvs labels: %s", fnm)
885                         err = ioutil.WriteFile(fnm, hgvsLabels.Bytes(), 0777)
886                         if err != nil {
887                                 return 1
888                         }
889                 }
890         }
891         if *onehotSingle {
892                 nzCount := 0
893                 for _, part := range onehotIndirect {
894                         nzCount += len(part[0])
895                 }
896                 onehot := make([]uint32, nzCount*2) // [r,r,r,...,c,c,c,...]
897                 var xrefs []onehotXref
898                 outcol := 0
899                 for i, part := range onehotIndirect {
900                         for i := range part[1] {
901                                 part[1][i] += uint32(outcol)
902                         }
903                         copy(onehot[outcol:], part[0])
904                         copy(onehot[outcol+nzCount:], part[1])
905                         outcol += len(part[0])
906                         xrefs = append(xrefs, onehotXrefs[i]...)
907
908                         part[0] = nil
909                         part[1] = nil
910                         onehotXrefs[i] = nil
911                         debug.FreeOSMemory()
912                 }
913                 fnm := fmt.Sprintf("%s/onehot.npy", *outputDir)
914                 err = writeNumpyUint32(fnm, onehot, 2, nzCount)
915                 if err != nil {
916                         return 1
917                 }
918                 fnm = fmt.Sprintf("%s/onehot-columns.npy", *outputDir)
919                 err = writeNumpyInt32(fnm, onehotXref2int32(xrefs), 4, len(xrefs))
920                 if err != nil {
921                         return 1
922                 }
923         }
924         return 0
925 }
926
927 // Read case/control files, remove non-case/control entries from
928 // cmd.cgnames, and build cmd.chi2Cases.
929 func (cmd *sliceNumpy) useCaseControlFiles() error {
930         if cmd.chi2CaseControlFile == "" {
931                 return nil
932         }
933         infiles, err := allFiles(cmd.chi2CaseControlFile, nil)
934         if err != nil {
935                 return err
936         }
937         // index in cmd.cgnames => case(true) / control(false)
938         cc := map[int]bool{}
939         for _, infile := range infiles {
940                 f, err := open(infile)
941                 if err != nil {
942                         return err
943                 }
944                 buf, err := io.ReadAll(f)
945                 f.Close()
946                 if err != nil {
947                         return err
948                 }
949                 ccCol := -1
950                 for _, tsv := range bytes.Split(buf, []byte{'\n'}) {
951                         if len(tsv) == 0 {
952                                 continue
953                         }
954                         split := strings.Split(string(tsv), "\t")
955                         if ccCol < 0 {
956                                 // header row
957                                 for col, name := range split {
958                                         if name == cmd.chi2CaseControlColumn {
959                                                 ccCol = col
960                                                 break
961                                         }
962                                 }
963                                 if ccCol < 0 {
964                                         return fmt.Errorf("%s: no column named %q in header row %q", infile, cmd.chi2CaseControlColumn, tsv)
965                                 }
966                                 continue
967                         }
968                         if len(split) <= ccCol {
969                                 continue
970                         }
971                         pattern := split[0]
972                         found := -1
973                         for i, name := range cmd.cgnames {
974                                 if strings.Contains(name, pattern) {
975                                         if found >= 0 {
976                                                 log.Warnf("pattern %q in %s matches multiple genome IDs (%qs, %q)", pattern, infile, cmd.cgnames[found], name)
977                                         }
978                                         found = i
979                                 }
980                         }
981                         if found < 0 {
982                                 log.Warnf("pattern %q in %s does not match any genome IDs", pattern, infile)
983                                 continue
984                         }
985                         if split[ccCol] == "0" {
986                                 cc[found] = false
987                         }
988                         if split[ccCol] == "1" {
989                                 cc[found] = true
990                         }
991                 }
992         }
993         allnames := cmd.cgnames
994         cmd.cgnames = nil
995         cmd.chi2Cases = nil
996         ncases := 0
997         for i, name := range allnames {
998                 if cc, ok := cc[i]; ok {
999                         cmd.cgnames = append(cmd.cgnames, name)
1000                         cmd.chi2Cases = append(cmd.chi2Cases, cc)
1001                         if cc {
1002                                 ncases++
1003                         }
1004                 }
1005         }
1006         log.Printf("%d cases, %d controls, %d neither (dropped)", ncases, len(cmd.cgnames)-ncases, len(allnames)-len(cmd.cgnames))
1007         return nil
1008 }
1009
1010 func (cmd *sliceNumpy) filterHGVScolpair(colpair [2][]int8) bool {
1011         if cmd.chi2PValue >= 1 {
1012                 return true
1013         }
1014         col0 := make([]bool, 0, len(cmd.chi2Cases))
1015         col1 := make([]bool, 0, len(cmd.chi2Cases))
1016         cases := make([]bool, 0, len(cmd.chi2Cases))
1017         for i, c := range cmd.chi2Cases {
1018                 if colpair[0][i] < 0 {
1019                         continue
1020                 }
1021                 col0 = append(col0, colpair[0][i] != 0)
1022                 col1 = append(col1, colpair[1][i] != 0)
1023                 cases = append(cases, c)
1024         }
1025         return len(cases) >= cmd.minCoverage &&
1026                 (pvalue(col0, cases) <= cmd.chi2PValue || pvalue(col1, cases) <= cmd.chi2PValue)
1027 }
1028
1029 func writeNumpyUint32(fnm string, out []uint32, rows, cols int) error {
1030         output, err := os.Create(fnm)
1031         if err != nil {
1032                 return err
1033         }
1034         defer output.Close()
1035         bufw := bufio.NewWriterSize(output, 1<<26)
1036         npw, err := gonpy.NewWriter(nopCloser{bufw})
1037         if err != nil {
1038                 return err
1039         }
1040         log.WithFields(log.Fields{
1041                 "filename": fnm,
1042                 "rows":     rows,
1043                 "cols":     cols,
1044                 "bytes":    rows * cols * 4,
1045         }).Infof("writing numpy: %s", fnm)
1046         npw.Shape = []int{rows, cols}
1047         npw.WriteUint32(out)
1048         err = bufw.Flush()
1049         if err != nil {
1050                 return err
1051         }
1052         return output.Close()
1053 }
1054
1055 func writeNumpyInt32(fnm string, out []int32, rows, cols int) error {
1056         output, err := os.Create(fnm)
1057         if err != nil {
1058                 return err
1059         }
1060         defer output.Close()
1061         bufw := bufio.NewWriterSize(output, 1<<26)
1062         npw, err := gonpy.NewWriter(nopCloser{bufw})
1063         if err != nil {
1064                 return err
1065         }
1066         log.WithFields(log.Fields{
1067                 "filename": fnm,
1068                 "rows":     rows,
1069                 "cols":     cols,
1070                 "bytes":    rows * cols * 4,
1071         }).Infof("writing numpy: %s", fnm)
1072         npw.Shape = []int{rows, cols}
1073         npw.WriteInt32(out)
1074         err = bufw.Flush()
1075         if err != nil {
1076                 return err
1077         }
1078         return output.Close()
1079 }
1080
1081 func writeNumpyInt16(fnm string, out []int16, rows, cols int) error {
1082         output, err := os.Create(fnm)
1083         if err != nil {
1084                 return err
1085         }
1086         defer output.Close()
1087         bufw := bufio.NewWriterSize(output, 1<<26)
1088         npw, err := gonpy.NewWriter(nopCloser{bufw})
1089         if err != nil {
1090                 return err
1091         }
1092         log.WithFields(log.Fields{
1093                 "filename": fnm,
1094                 "rows":     rows,
1095                 "cols":     cols,
1096                 "bytes":    rows * cols * 2,
1097         }).Infof("writing numpy: %s", fnm)
1098         npw.Shape = []int{rows, cols}
1099         npw.WriteInt16(out)
1100         err = bufw.Flush()
1101         if err != nil {
1102                 return err
1103         }
1104         return output.Close()
1105 }
1106
1107 func writeNumpyInt8(fnm string, out []int8, rows, cols int) error {
1108         output, err := os.Create(fnm)
1109         if err != nil {
1110                 return err
1111         }
1112         defer output.Close()
1113         bufw := bufio.NewWriterSize(output, 1<<26)
1114         npw, err := gonpy.NewWriter(nopCloser{bufw})
1115         if err != nil {
1116                 return err
1117         }
1118         log.WithFields(log.Fields{
1119                 "filename": fnm,
1120                 "rows":     rows,
1121                 "cols":     cols,
1122                 "bytes":    rows * cols,
1123         }).Infof("writing numpy: %s", fnm)
1124         npw.Shape = []int{rows, cols}
1125         npw.WriteInt8(out)
1126         err = bufw.Flush()
1127         if err != nil {
1128                 return err
1129         }
1130         return output.Close()
1131 }
1132
1133 func allele2homhet(colpair [2][]int8) {
1134         a, b := colpair[0], colpair[1]
1135         for i, av := range a {
1136                 bv := b[i]
1137                 if av < 0 || bv < 0 {
1138                         // no-call
1139                         a[i], b[i] = -1, -1
1140                 } else if av > 0 && bv > 0 {
1141                         // hom
1142                         a[i], b[i] = 1, 0
1143                 } else if av > 0 || bv > 0 {
1144                         // het
1145                         a[i], b[i] = 0, 1
1146                 } else {
1147                         // ref (or a different variant in same position)
1148                         // (this is a no-op) a[i], b[i] = 0, 0
1149                 }
1150         }
1151 }
1152
1153 type onehotXref struct {
1154         tag     tagID
1155         variant tileVariantID
1156         het     bool
1157         pvalue  float64
1158 }
1159
1160 const onehotXrefSize = unsafe.Sizeof(onehotXref{})
1161
1162 // Build onehot matrix (m[variant*2+isHet][genome] == 0 or 1) for all
1163 // variants of a single tile/tag#.
1164 //
1165 // Return nil if no tile variant passes Χ² filter.
1166 func (cmd *sliceNumpy) tv2homhet(cgs map[string]CompactGenome, maxv tileVariantID, remap []tileVariantID, tag, chunkstarttag tagID) ([][]int8, []onehotXref) {
1167         if maxv < 2 {
1168                 // everyone has the most common variant
1169                 return nil, nil
1170         }
1171         tagoffset := tag - chunkstarttag
1172         coverage := 0
1173         for _, cg := range cgs {
1174                 if cg.Variants[tagoffset*2] > 0 && cg.Variants[tagoffset*2+1] > 0 {
1175                         coverage++
1176                 }
1177         }
1178         if coverage < cmd.minCoverage {
1179                 return nil, nil
1180         }
1181         obs := make([][]bool, (maxv+1)*2) // 2 slices (hom + het) for each variant#
1182         for i := range obs {
1183                 obs[i] = make([]bool, len(cmd.cgnames))
1184         }
1185         for cgid, name := range cmd.cgnames {
1186                 cgvars := cgs[name].Variants
1187                 for v := tileVariantID(2); v <= maxv; v++ {
1188                         if remap[cgvars[tagoffset*2]] == v && remap[cgvars[tagoffset*2+1]] == v {
1189                                 obs[v*2][cgid] = true
1190                         } else if remap[cgvars[tagoffset*2]] == v || remap[cgvars[tagoffset*2+1]] == v {
1191                                 obs[v*2+1][cgid] = true
1192                         }
1193                 }
1194         }
1195         var onehot [][]int8
1196         var xref []onehotXref
1197         for homcol := 4; homcol < len(obs); homcol += 2 {
1198                 p := [2]float64{
1199                         pvalue(obs[homcol], cmd.chi2Cases),
1200                         pvalue(obs[homcol+1], cmd.chi2Cases),
1201                 }
1202                 if cmd.chi2PValue < 1 && !(p[0] < cmd.chi2PValue || p[1] < cmd.chi2PValue) {
1203                         continue
1204                 }
1205                 for het := 0; het < 2; het++ {
1206                         onehot = append(onehot, bool2int8(obs[homcol+het]))
1207                         xref = append(xref, onehotXref{
1208                                 tag:     tag,
1209                                 variant: tileVariantID(homcol / 2),
1210                                 het:     het == 1,
1211                                 pvalue:  p[het],
1212                         })
1213                 }
1214         }
1215         return onehot, xref
1216 }
1217
1218 func bool2int8(in []bool) []int8 {
1219         out := make([]int8, len(in))
1220         for i, v := range in {
1221                 if v {
1222                         out[i] = 1
1223                 }
1224         }
1225         return out
1226 }
1227
1228 // convert a []onehotXref with length N to a numpy-style []int32
1229 // matrix with N columns, one row per field of onehotXref struct.
1230 //
1231 // Hom/het row contains hom=0, het=1.
1232 //
1233 // P-value row contains 1000000x actual p-value.
1234 func onehotXref2int32(xrefs []onehotXref) []int32 {
1235         xcols := len(xrefs)
1236         xdata := make([]int32, 4*xcols)
1237         for i, xref := range xrefs {
1238                 xdata[i] = int32(xref.tag)
1239                 xdata[xcols+i] = int32(xref.variant)
1240                 if xref.het {
1241                         xdata[xcols*2+i] = 1
1242                 }
1243                 xdata[xcols*3+i] = int32(xref.pvalue * 1000000)
1244         }
1245         return xdata
1246 }
1247
1248 // transpose onehot data from in[col][row] to numpy-style
1249 // out[row*cols+col].
1250 func onehotcols2int8(in [][]int8) []int8 {
1251         if len(in) == 0 {
1252                 return nil
1253         }
1254         cols := len(in)
1255         rows := len(in[0])
1256         out := make([]int8, rows*cols)
1257         for row := 0; row < rows; row++ {
1258                 outrow := out[row*cols:]
1259                 for col, incol := range in {
1260                         outrow[col] = incol[row]
1261                 }
1262         }
1263         return out
1264 }
1265
1266 // Return [2][]uint32{rowIndices, colIndices} indicating which
1267 // elements of matrixT[c][r] have non-zero values.
1268 func onehotChunk2Indirect(matrixT [][]int8) [2][]uint32 {
1269         var nz [2][]uint32
1270         for c, col := range matrixT {
1271                 for r, val := range col {
1272                         if val != 0 {
1273                                 nz[0] = append(nz[0], uint32(r))
1274                                 nz[1] = append(nz[1], uint32(c))
1275                         }
1276                 }
1277         }
1278         return nz
1279 }