sdk/python/tests/test_arvfile.py

   1 #!/usr/bin/env python
   2
   3 import bz2
   4 import gzip
   5 import io
   6 import mock
   7 import os
   8 import unittest
   9 import hashlib
  10
  11 import arvados
  12 from arvados import ArvadosFile, ArvadosFileReader, Range, import_manifest, export_manifest, KeepLocator
  13 from arvados.arvfile import SYNC_READONLY, SYNC_EXPLICIT
  14
  15 import arvados_testutil as tutil
  16 from test_stream import StreamFileReaderTestCase, StreamRetryTestMixin
  17
  18 class ArvadosFileWriterTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
  19     class MockKeep(object):
  20         def __init__(self, blocks):
  21             self.blocks = blocks
  22             self.requests = []
  23         def get(self, locator, num_retries=0):
  24             self.requests.append(locator)
  25             return self.blocks.get(locator)
  26         def get_from_cache(self, locator):
  27             self.requests.append(locator)
  28             return self.blocks.get(locator)
  29         def put(self, data, num_retries=None):
  30             pdh = "%s+%i" % (hashlib.md5(data).hexdigest(), len(data))
  31             self.blocks[pdh] = str(data)
  32             return pdh
  33
  34     class MockApi(object):
  35         def __init__(self, b, r):
  36             self.b = b
  37             self.r = r
  38         class MockCollections(object):
  39             def __init__(self, b, r):
  40                 self.b = b
  41                 self.r = r
  42             class Execute(object):
  43                 def __init__(self, r):
  44                     self.r = r
  45                 def execute(self, num_retries=None):
  46                     return self.r
  47             def create(self, ensure_unique_name=False, body=None):
  48                 if body != self.b:
  49                     raise Exception("Body %s does not match expectation %s" % (body, self.b))
  50                 return ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi.MockCollections.Execute(self.r)
  51             def update(self, uuid=None, body=None):
  52                 return ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi.MockCollections.Execute(self.r)
  53         def collections(self):
  54             return ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi.MockCollections(self.b, self.r)
  55
  56
  57     def test_truncate(self):
  58         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": "0123456789"})
  59         api = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi({"name":"test_truncate",
  60                                                  "manifest_text":". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:8:count.txt\n"},
  61                                                 {"uuid":"zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0"})
  62         with arvados.WritableCollection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt\n',
  63                              api_client=api, keep_client=keep) as c:
  64             writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
  65             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 10)
  66             writer.seek(5)
  67             self.assertEqual("56789", writer.read(8))
  68             writer.truncate(8)
  69             writer.seek(5, os.SEEK_SET)
  70             self.assertEqual("567", writer.read(8))
  71
  72             self.assertEqual(None, c._manifest_locator)
  73             self.assertEqual(True, c.modified())
  74             c.save_new("test_truncate")
  75             self.assertEqual("zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0", c._manifest_locator)
  76             self.assertEqual(False, c.modified())
  77
  78     def test_append(self):
  79         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": "0123456789"})
  80         api = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi({"name":"test_append",
  81                                                  "manifest_text": ". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8+3 0:13:count.txt\n"},
  82                                                 {"uuid":"zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0"})
  83         with arvados.WritableCollection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt\n',
  84                              api_client=api, keep_client=keep) as c:
  85             writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
  86             writer.seek(5, os.SEEK_SET)
  87             self.assertEqual("56789", writer.read(8))
  88             writer.seek(10, os.SEEK_SET)
  89             writer.write("foo")
  90             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 13)
  91             writer.seek(5, os.SEEK_SET)
  92             self.assertEqual("56789foo", writer.read(8))
  93
  94             self.assertEqual(None, c._manifest_locator)
  95             self.assertEqual(True, c.modified())
  96             self.assertEqual(None, keep.get("acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8+3"))
  97             c.save_new("test_append")
  98             self.assertEqual("zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0", c._manifest_locator)
  99             self.assertEqual(False, c.modified())
 100             self.assertEqual("foo", keep.get("acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8+3"))
 101
 102     def test_write0(self):
 103         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": "0123456789"})
 104         with arvados.WritableCollection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt\n',
 105                              keep_client=keep) as c:
 106             writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
 107             self.assertEqual("0123456789", writer.readfrom(0, 13))
 108             writer.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
 109             writer.write("foo")
 110             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 10)
 111             self.assertEqual("foo3456789", writer.readfrom(0, 13))
 112             self.assertEqual(". acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8+3 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:3:count.txt 6:7:count.txt\n", export_manifest(c))
 113
 114     def test_write1(self):
 115         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": "0123456789"})
 116         with arvados.WritableCollection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt\n',
 117                              keep_client=keep) as c:
 118             writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
 119             self.assertEqual("0123456789", writer.readfrom(0, 13))
 120             writer.seek(3, os.SEEK_SET)
 121             writer.write("foo")
 122             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 10)
 123             self.assertEqual("012foo6789", writer.readfrom(0, 13))
 124             self.assertEqual(". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8+3 0:3:count.txt 10:3:count.txt 6:4:count.txt\n", export_manifest(c))
 125
 126     def test_write2(self):
 127         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": "0123456789"})
 128         with arvados.WritableCollection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt\n',
 129                              keep_client=keep) as c:
 130             writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
 131             self.assertEqual("0123456789", writer.readfrom(0, 13))
 132             writer.seek(7, os.SEEK_SET)
 133             writer.write("foo")
 134             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 10)
 135             self.assertEqual("0123456foo", writer.readfrom(0, 13))
 136             self.assertEqual(". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8+3 0:7:count.txt 10:3:count.txt\n", export_manifest(c))
 137
 138     def test_write3(self):
 139         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": "0123456789"})
 140         with arvados.WritableCollection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt 0:10:count.txt\n',
 141                              keep_client=keep) as c:
 142             writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
 143             self.assertEqual("012345678901234", writer.readfrom(0, 15))
 144             writer.seek(7, os.SEEK_SET)
 145             writer.write("foobar")
 146             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 20)
 147             self.assertEqual("0123456foobar34", writer.readfrom(0, 15))
 148             self.assertEqual(". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 3858f62230ac3c915f300c664312c63f+6 0:7:count.txt 10:6:count.txt 3:7:count.txt\n", export_manifest(c))
 149
 150     def test_write4(self):
 151         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": "0123456789"})
 152         with arvados.WritableCollection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:4:count.txt 0:4:count.txt 0:4:count.txt',
 153                              keep_client=keep) as c:
 154             writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
 155             self.assertEqual("012301230123", writer.readfrom(0, 15))
 156             writer.seek(2, os.SEEK_SET)
 157             writer.write("abcdefg")
 158             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 12)
 159             self.assertEqual("01abcdefg123", writer.readfrom(0, 15))
 160             self.assertEqual(". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 7ac66c0f148de9519b8bd264312c4d64+7 0:2:count.txt 10:7:count.txt 1:3:count.txt\n", export_manifest(c))
 161
 162     def test_write_large(self):
 163         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({})
 164         api = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi({"name":"test_write_large",
 165                                                  "manifest_text": ". a5de24f4417cfba9d5825eadc2f4ca49+67108000 598cc1a4ccaef8ab6e4724d87e675d78+32892000 0:100000000:count.txt\n"},
 166                                                 {"uuid":"zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0"})
 167         with arvados.WritableCollection('. ' + arvados.config.EMPTY_BLOCK_LOCATOR + ' 0:0:count.txt',
 168                              api_client=api, keep_client=keep) as c:
 169             writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
 170             text = ''.join(["0123456789" for a in xrange(0, 100)])
 171             for b in xrange(0, 100000):
 172                 writer.write(text)
 173             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 100000000)
 174
 175             self.assertEqual(None, c._manifest_locator)
 176             self.assertEqual(True, c.modified())
 177             c.save_new("test_write_large")
 178             self.assertEqual("zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0", c._manifest_locator)
 179             self.assertEqual(False, c.modified())
 180
 181     def test_write_rewrite0(self):
 182         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({})
 183         with arvados.WritableCollection('. ' + arvados.config.EMPTY_BLOCK_LOCATOR + ' 0:0:count.txt',
 184                              keep_client=keep) as c:
 185             writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
 186             for b in xrange(0, 10):
 187                 writer.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
 188                 writer.write("0123456789")
 189             writer.arvadosfile._repack_writes()
 190             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 10)
 191             self.assertEqual("0123456789", writer.readfrom(0, 20))
 192             self.assertEqual(". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt\n", export_manifest(c))
 193
 194     def test_write_rewrite1(self):
 195         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": "0123456789"})
 196         with arvados.WritableCollection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt',
 197                              keep_client=keep) as c:
 198             writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
 199             for b in xrange(0, 10):
 200                 writer.seek(10, os.SEEK_SET)
 201                 writer.write("abcdefghij")
 202             writer.arvadosfile._repack_writes()
 203             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 20)
 204             self.assertEqual("0123456789abcdefghij", writer.readfrom(0, 20))
 205             self.assertEqual(". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 a925576942e94b2ef57a066101b48876+10 0:20:count.txt\n", export_manifest(c))
 206
 207     def test_write_rewrite2(self):
 208         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": "0123456789"})
 209         with arvados.WritableCollection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt',
 210                              keep_client=keep) as c:
 211             writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
 212             for b in xrange(0, 10):
 213                 writer.seek(5, os.SEEK_SET)
 214                 writer.write("abcdefghij")
 215             writer.arvadosfile._repack_writes()
 216             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 15)
 217             self.assertEqual("01234abcdefghij", writer.readfrom(0, 20))
 218             self.assertEqual(". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 a925576942e94b2ef57a066101b48876+10 0:5:count.txt 10:10:count.txt\n", export_manifest(c))
 219
 220     def test_write_large_rewrite0(self):
 221         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({})
 222         api = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi({"name":"test_write_large",
 223                                                  "manifest_text": ". 37400a68af9abdd76ca5bf13e819e42a+32892003 a5de24f4417cfba9d5825eadc2f4ca49+67108000 32892000:3:count.txt 32892006:67107997:count.txt 0:32892000:count.txt\n"},
 224                                                 {"uuid":"zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0"})
 225         with arvados.WritableCollection('. ' + arvados.config.EMPTY_BLOCK_LOCATOR + ' 0:0:count.txt',
 226                              api_client=api, keep_client=keep) as c:
 227             writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
 228             text = ''.join(["0123456789" for a in xrange(0, 100)])
 229             for b in xrange(0, 100000):
 230                 writer.write(text)
 231             writer.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
 232             writer.write("foo")
 233             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 100000000)
 234
 235             self.assertEqual(None, c._manifest_locator)
 236             self.assertEqual(True, c.modified())
 237             c.save_new("test_write_large")
 238             self.assertEqual("zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0", c._manifest_locator)
 239             self.assertEqual(False, c.modified())
 240
 241     def test_create(self):
 242         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({})
 243         api = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi({"name":"test_create",
 244                                                  "manifest_text":". 2e9ec317e197819358fbc43afca7d837+8 0:8:count.txt\n"},
 245                                                 {"uuid":"zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0"})
 246         with arvados.WritableCollection(api_client=api, keep_client=keep) as c:
 247             writer = c.open("count.txt", "w+")
 248             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 0)
 249             writer.write("01234567")
 250             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 8)
 251
 252             self.assertEqual(None, c._manifest_locator)
 253             self.assertEqual(True, c.modified())
 254             self.assertEqual(None, keep.get("2e9ec317e197819358fbc43afca7d837+8"))
 255             c.save_new("test_create")
 256             self.assertEqual("zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0", c._manifest_locator)
 257             self.assertEqual(False, c.modified())
 258             self.assertEqual("01234567", keep.get("2e9ec317e197819358fbc43afca7d837+8"))
 259
 260
 261     def test_create_subdir(self):
 262         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({})
 263         api = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi({"name":"test_create",
 264                                                  "manifest_text":"./foo/bar 2e9ec317e197819358fbc43afca7d837+8 0:8:count.txt\n"},
 265                                                 {"uuid":"zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0"})
 266         with arvados.WritableCollection(api_client=api, keep_client=keep) as c:
 267             writer = c.open("foo/bar/count.txt", "w+")
 268             writer.write("01234567")
 269             c.save_new("test_create")
 270
 271     def test_overwrite(self):
 272         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": "0123456789"})
 273         api = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi({"name":"test_overwrite",
 274                                                  "manifest_text":". 2e9ec317e197819358fbc43afca7d837+8 0:8:count.txt\n"},
 275                                                 {"uuid":"zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0"})
 276         with arvados.WritableCollection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt\n',
 277                              api_client=api, keep_client=keep) as c:
 278             writer = c.open("count.txt", "w+")
 279             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 0)
 280             writer.write("01234567")
 281             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 8)
 282
 283             self.assertEqual(None, c._manifest_locator)
 284             self.assertEqual(True, c.modified())
 285             c.save_new("test_overwrite")
 286             self.assertEqual("zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0", c._manifest_locator)
 287             self.assertEqual(False, c.modified())
 288
 289     def test_file_not_found(self):
 290         with arvados.WritableCollection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt\n') as c:
 291             with self.assertRaises(IOError):
 292                 writer = c.open("nocount.txt", "r")
 293
 294     def test_cannot_open_directory(self):
 295         with arvados.WritableCollection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt\n') as c:
 296             with self.assertRaises(IOError):
 297                 writer = c.open(".", "r")
 298
 299     def test_create_multiple(self):
 300         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({})
 301         api = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi({"name":"test_create_multiple",
 302                                                  "manifest_text":". 2e9ec317e197819358fbc43afca7d837+8 e8dc4081b13434b45189a720b77b6818+8 0:8:count1.txt 8:8:count2.txt\n"},
 303                                                 {"uuid":"zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0"})
 304         with arvados.WritableCollection(api_client=api, keep_client=keep) as c:
 305             w1 = c.open("count1.txt", "w")
 306             w2 = c.open("count2.txt", "w")
 307             w1.write("01234567")
 308             w2.write("abcdefgh")
 309             self.assertEqual(w1.size(), 8)
 310             self.assertEqual(w2.size(), 8)
 311
 312             self.assertEqual(None, c._manifest_locator)
 313             self.assertEqual(True, c.modified())
 314             self.assertEqual(None, keep.get("2e9ec317e197819358fbc43afca7d837+8"))
 315             c.save_new("test_create_multiple")
 316             self.assertEqual("zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0", c._manifest_locator)
 317             self.assertEqual(False, c.modified())
 318             self.assertEqual("01234567", keep.get("2e9ec317e197819358fbc43afca7d837+8"))
 319
 320
 321 class ArvadosFileReaderTestCase(StreamFileReaderTestCase):
 322     class MockParent(object):
 323         class MockBlockMgr(object):
 324             def __init__(self, blocks, nocache):
 325                 self.blocks = blocks
 326                 self.nocache = nocache
 327
 328             def block_prefetch(self, loc):
 329                 pass
 330
 331             def get_block(self, loc, num_retries=0, cache_only=False):
 332                 if self.nocache and cache_only:
 333                     return None
 334                 return self.blocks[loc]
 335
 336         def __init__(self, blocks, nocache):
 337             self.blocks = blocks
 338             self.nocache = nocache
 339             self.lock = arvados.arvfile.NoopLock()
 340
 341         def root_collection(self):
 342             return self
 343
 344         def _my_block_manager(self):
 345             return ArvadosFileReaderTestCase.MockParent.MockBlockMgr(self.blocks, self.nocache)
 346
 347         def sync_mode(self):
 348             return SYNC_READONLY
 349
 350
 351     def make_count_reader(self, nocache=False):
 352         stream = []
 353         n = 0
 354         blocks = {}
 355         for d in ['01234', '34567', '67890']:
 356             loc = '{}+{}'.format(hashlib.md5(d).hexdigest(), len(d))
 357             blocks[loc] = d
 358             stream.append(Range(loc, n, len(d)))
 359             n += len(d)
 360         af = ArvadosFile(ArvadosFileReaderTestCase.MockParent(blocks, nocache), stream=stream, segments=[Range(1, 0, 3), Range(6, 3, 3), Range(11, 6, 3)])
 361         return ArvadosFileReader(af, "count.txt")
 362
 363     def test_read_returns_first_block(self):
 364         # read() calls will be aligned on block boundaries - see #3663.
 365         sfile = self.make_count_reader(nocache=True)
 366         self.assertEqual('123', sfile.read(10))
 367
 368     def test_successive_reads(self):
 369         sfile = self.make_count_reader(nocache=True)
 370         for expect in ['123', '456', '789', '']:
 371             self.assertEqual(expect, sfile.read(10))
 372
 373     def test_tell_after_block_read(self):
 374         sfile = self.make_count_reader(nocache=True)
 375         sfile.read(5)
 376         self.assertEqual(3, sfile.tell())
 377
 378     def test_prefetch(self):
 379         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"2e9ec317e197819358fbc43afca7d837+8": "01234567", "e8dc4081b13434b45189a720b77b6818+8": "abcdefgh"})
 380         with arvados.WritableCollection(". 2e9ec317e197819358fbc43afca7d837+8 e8dc4081b13434b45189a720b77b6818+8 0:16:count.txt\n", keep_client=keep) as c:
 381             r = c.open("count.txt", "r")
 382             self.assertEqual("0123", r.read(4))
 383         self.assertIn("2e9ec317e197819358fbc43afca7d837+8", keep.requests)
 384         self.assertIn("e8dc4081b13434b45189a720b77b6818+8", keep.requests)
 385
 386     def test__eq__(self):
 387         with arvados.arvados.WritableCollection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count1.txt') as c1:
 388             with arvados.arvados.WritableCollection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count1.txt') as c2:
 389                 self.assertTrue(c1["count1.txt"] == c2["count1.txt"])
 390                 self.assertFalse(c1["count1.txt"] != c2["count1.txt"])
 391
 392
 393 class ArvadosFileReadTestCase(unittest.TestCase, StreamRetryTestMixin):
 394     def reader_for(self, coll_name, **kwargs):
 395         stream = []
 396         segments = []
 397         n = 0
 398         for d in self.manifest_for(coll_name).split():
 399             try:
 400                 k = KeepLocator(d)
 401                 segments.append(Range(n, n, k.size))
 402                 stream.append(Range(d, n, k.size))
 403                 n += k.size
 404             except ValueError:
 405                 pass
 406         col = arvados.ReadOnlyCollection(keep_client=self.keep_client())
 407         col._my_block_manager().prefetch_enabled = False
 408         af = ArvadosFile(col,
 409                          stream=stream,
 410                          segments=segments)
 411         return ArvadosFileReader(af, "test", **kwargs)
 412
 413     def read_for_test(self, reader, byte_count, **kwargs):
 414         return reader.read(byte_count, **kwargs)
 415
 416
 417 class ArvadosFileReadFromTestCase(ArvadosFileReadTestCase):
 418     def read_for_test(self, reader, byte_count, **kwargs):
 419         return reader.readfrom(0, byte_count, **kwargs)
 420
 421
 422 class ArvadosFileReadAllTestCase(ArvadosFileReadTestCase):
 423     def read_for_test(self, reader, byte_count, **kwargs):
 424         return ''.join(reader.readall(**kwargs))
 425
 426
 427 class ArvadosFileReadAllDecompressedTestCase(ArvadosFileReadTestCase):
 428     def read_for_test(self, reader, byte_count, **kwargs):
 429         return ''.join(reader.readall_decompressed(**kwargs))
 430
 431
 432 class ArvadosFileReadlinesTestCase(ArvadosFileReadTestCase):
 433     def read_for_test(self, reader, byte_count, **kwargs):
 434         return ''.join(reader.readlines(**kwargs))