17464: Add upload/download logging and permissions to keepproxy
[arvados.git] / services / keepproxy / keepproxy.go
1 // Copyright (C) The Arvados Authors. All rights reserved.
2 //
3 // SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0
4
5 package main
6
7 import (
8         "errors"
9         "flag"
10         "fmt"
11         "io"
12         "io/ioutil"
13         "net"
14         "net/http"
15         "os"
16         "os/signal"
17         "regexp"
18         "strings"
19         "sync"
20         "syscall"
21         "time"
22
23         "git.arvados.org/arvados.git/lib/config"
24         "git.arvados.org/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
25         "git.arvados.org/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvadosclient"
26         "git.arvados.org/arvados.git/sdk/go/health"
27         "git.arvados.org/arvados.git/sdk/go/httpserver"
28         "git.arvados.org/arvados.git/sdk/go/keepclient"
29         "github.com/coreos/go-systemd/daemon"
30         "github.com/ghodss/yaml"
31         "github.com/gorilla/mux"
32         log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
33 )
34
35 var version = "dev"
36
37 var (
38         listener net.Listener
39         router   http.Handler
40 )
41
42 const rfc3339NanoFixed = "2006-01-02T15:04:05.000000000Z07:00"
43
44 func configure(logger log.FieldLogger, args []string) (*arvados.Cluster, error) {
45         flags := flag.NewFlagSet(args[0], flag.ExitOnError)
46
47         dumpConfig := flags.Bool("dump-config", false, "write current configuration to stdout and exit")
48         getVersion := flags.Bool("version", false, "Print version information and exit.")
49
50         loader := config.NewLoader(os.Stdin, logger)
51         loader.SetupFlags(flags)
52
53         args = loader.MungeLegacyConfigArgs(logger, args[1:], "-legacy-keepproxy-config")
54         flags.Parse(args)
55
56         // Print version information if requested
57         if *getVersion {
58                 fmt.Printf("keepproxy %s\n", version)
59                 return nil, nil
60         }
61
62         cfg, err := loader.Load()
63         if err != nil {
64                 return nil, err
65         }
66         cluster, err := cfg.GetCluster("")
67         if err != nil {
68                 return nil, err
69         }
70
71         if *dumpConfig {
72                 out, err := yaml.Marshal(cfg)
73                 if err != nil {
74                         return nil, err
75                 }
76                 if _, err := os.Stdout.Write(out); err != nil {
77                         return nil, err
78                 }
79                 return nil, nil
80         }
81         return cluster, nil
82 }
83
84 func main() {
85         logger := log.New()
86         logger.Formatter = &log.JSONFormatter{
87                 TimestampFormat: rfc3339NanoFixed,
88         }
89
90         cluster, err := configure(logger, os.Args)
91         if err != nil {
92                 log.Fatal(err)
93         }
94         if cluster == nil {
95                 return
96         }
97
98         log.Printf("keepproxy %s started", version)
99
100         if err := run(logger, cluster); err != nil {
101                 log.Fatal(err)
102         }
103
104         log.Println("shutting down")
105 }
106
107 func run(logger log.FieldLogger, cluster *arvados.Cluster) error {
108         client, err := arvados.NewClientFromConfig(cluster)
109         if err != nil {
110                 return err
111         }
112         client.AuthToken = cluster.SystemRootToken
113
114         arv, err := arvadosclient.New(client)
115         if err != nil {
116                 return fmt.Errorf("Error setting up arvados client %v", err)
117         }
118
119         // If a config file is available, use the keepstores defined there
120         // instead of the legacy autodiscover mechanism via the API server
121         for k := range cluster.Services.Keepstore.InternalURLs {
122                 arv.KeepServiceURIs = append(arv.KeepServiceURIs, strings.TrimRight(k.String(), "/"))
123         }
124
125         if cluster.SystemLogs.LogLevel == "debug" {
126                 keepclient.DebugPrintf = log.Printf
127         }
128         kc, err := keepclient.MakeKeepClient(arv)
129         if err != nil {
130                 return fmt.Errorf("Error setting up keep client %v", err)
131         }
132         keepclient.RefreshServiceDiscoveryOnSIGHUP()
133
134         if cluster.Collections.DefaultReplication > 0 {
135                 kc.Want_replicas = cluster.Collections.DefaultReplication
136         }
137
138         var listen arvados.URL
139         for listen = range cluster.Services.Keepproxy.InternalURLs {
140                 break
141         }
142
143         var lErr error
144         listener, lErr = net.Listen("tcp", listen.Host)
145         if lErr != nil {
146                 return fmt.Errorf("listen(%s): %v", listen.Host, lErr)
147         }
148
149         if _, err := daemon.SdNotify(false, "READY=1"); err != nil {
150                 log.Printf("Error notifying init daemon: %v", err)
151         }
152         log.Println("listening at", listener.Addr())
153
154         // Shut down the server gracefully (by closing the listener)
155         // if SIGTERM is received.
156         term := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
157         go func(sig <-chan os.Signal) {
158                 s := <-sig
159                 log.Println("caught signal:", s)
160                 listener.Close()
161         }(term)
162         signal.Notify(term, syscall.SIGTERM)
163         signal.Notify(term, syscall.SIGINT)
164
165         // Start serving requests.
166         router = MakeRESTRouter(kc, time.Duration(keepclient.DefaultProxyRequestTimeout), cluster, logger)
167         return http.Serve(listener, httpserver.AddRequestIDs(httpserver.LogRequests(router)))
168 }
169
170 type APITokenCache struct {
171         tokens     map[string]int64
172         tokenUser  map[string]*arvados.User
173         lock       sync.Mutex
174         expireTime int64
175 }
176
177 // RememberToken caches the token and set an expire time.  If we already have
178 // an expire time on the token, it is not updated.
179 func (cache *APITokenCache) RememberToken(token string, user *arvados.User) {
180         cache.lock.Lock()
181         defer cache.lock.Unlock()
182
183         now := time.Now().Unix()
184         if cache.tokens[token] == 0 {
185                 cache.tokens[token] = now + cache.expireTime
186         }
187         cache.tokenUser[token] = user
188 }
189
190 // RecallToken checks if the cached token is known and still believed to be
191 // valid.
192 func (cache *APITokenCache) RecallToken(token string) (bool, *arvados.User) {
193         cache.lock.Lock()
194         defer cache.lock.Unlock()
195
196         now := time.Now().Unix()
197         if cache.tokens[token] == 0 {
198                 // Unknown token
199                 return false, nil
200         } else if now < cache.tokens[token] {
201                 // Token is known and still valid
202                 return true, cache.tokenUser[token]
203         } else {
204                 // Token is expired
205                 cache.tokens[token] = 0
206                 return false, nil
207         }
208 }
209
210 // GetRemoteAddress returns a string with the remote address for the request.
211 // If the X-Forwarded-For header is set and has a non-zero length, it returns a
212 // string made from a comma separated list of all the remote addresses,
213 // starting with the one(s) from the X-Forwarded-For header.
214 func GetRemoteAddress(req *http.Request) string {
215         if xff := req.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-For"); xff != "" {
216                 return xff + "," + req.RemoteAddr
217         }
218         return req.RemoteAddr
219 }
220
221 func (h *proxyHandler) CheckAuthorizationHeader(req *http.Request) (pass bool, tok string, user *arvados.User) {
222         parts := strings.SplitN(req.Header.Get("Authorization"), " ", 2)
223         if len(parts) < 2 || !(parts[0] == "OAuth2" || parts[0] == "Bearer") || len(parts[1]) == 0 {
224                 return false, "", nil
225         }
226         tok = parts[1]
227
228         // Tokens are validated differently depending on what kind of
229         // operation is being performed. For example, tokens in
230         // collection-sharing links permit GET requests, but not
231         // PUT requests.
232         var op string
233         if req.Method == "GET" || req.Method == "HEAD" {
234                 op = "read"
235         } else {
236                 op = "write"
237         }
238
239         if ok, user := h.APITokenCache.RecallToken(op + ":" + tok); ok {
240                 // Valid in the cache, short circuit
241                 return true, tok, user
242         }
243
244         var err error
245         arv := *h.KeepClient.Arvados
246         arv.ApiToken = tok
247         arv.RequestID = req.Header.Get("X-Request-Id")
248         user = &arvados.User{}
249         userCurrentError := arv.Call("GET", "users", "", "current", nil, user)
250         if op == "read" {
251                 // scoped token this will fail the user current check,
252                 // but if it is a download operation and they can read
253                 // the keep_services table, it's okay.
254                 err = arv.Call("HEAD", "keep_services", "", "accessible", nil, nil)
255         } else {
256                 err = userCurrentError
257         }
258         if err != nil {
259                 log.Printf("%s: CheckAuthorizationHeader error: %v", GetRemoteAddress(req), err)
260                 return false, "", nil
261         }
262
263         if userCurrentError == nil && user.IsAdmin {
264                 // checking userCurrentError is probably redundant,
265                 // IsAdmin would be false anyway. But can't hurt.
266                 if op == "read" && !h.cluster.Collections.KeepproxyPermission.Admin.Download {
267                         return false, "", nil
268                 }
269                 if op == "write" && !h.cluster.Collections.KeepproxyPermission.Admin.Upload {
270                         return false, "", nil
271                 }
272         } else {
273                 if op == "read" && !h.cluster.Collections.KeepproxyPermission.User.Download {
274                         return false, "", nil
275                 }
276                 if op == "write" && !h.cluster.Collections.KeepproxyPermission.User.Upload {
277                         return false, "", nil
278                 }
279         }
280
281         // Success!  Update cache
282         h.APITokenCache.RememberToken(op+":"+tok, user)
283
284         return true, tok, user
285 }
286
287 // We need to make a private copy of the default http transport early
288 // in initialization, then make copies of our private copy later. It
289 // won't be safe to copy http.DefaultTransport itself later, because
290 // its private mutexes might have already been used. (Without this,
291 // the test suite sometimes panics "concurrent map writes" in
292 // net/http.(*Transport).removeIdleConnLocked().)
293 var defaultTransport = *(http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport))
294
295 type proxyHandler struct {
296         http.Handler
297         *keepclient.KeepClient
298         *APITokenCache
299         timeout   time.Duration
300         transport *http.Transport
301         logger    log.FieldLogger
302         cluster   *arvados.Cluster
303 }
304
305 // MakeRESTRouter returns an http.Handler that passes GET and PUT
306 // requests to the appropriate handlers.
307 func MakeRESTRouter(kc *keepclient.KeepClient, timeout time.Duration, cluster *arvados.Cluster, logger log.FieldLogger) http.Handler {
308         rest := mux.NewRouter()
309
310         transport := defaultTransport
311         transport.DialContext = (&net.Dialer{
312                 Timeout:   keepclient.DefaultConnectTimeout,
313                 KeepAlive: keepclient.DefaultKeepAlive,
314                 DualStack: true,
315         }).DialContext
316         transport.TLSClientConfig = arvadosclient.MakeTLSConfig(kc.Arvados.ApiInsecure)
317         transport.TLSHandshakeTimeout = keepclient.DefaultTLSHandshakeTimeout
318
319         h := &proxyHandler{
320                 Handler:    rest,
321                 KeepClient: kc,
322                 timeout:    timeout,
323                 transport:  &transport,
324                 APITokenCache: &APITokenCache{
325                         tokens:     make(map[string]int64),
326                         tokenUser:  make(map[string]*arvados.User),
327                         expireTime: 300,
328                 },
329                 logger:  logger,
330                 cluster: cluster,
331         }
332
333         rest.HandleFunc(`/{locator:[0-9a-f]{32}\+.*}`, h.Get).Methods("GET", "HEAD")
334         rest.HandleFunc(`/{locator:[0-9a-f]{32}}`, h.Get).Methods("GET", "HEAD")
335
336         // List all blocks
337         rest.HandleFunc(`/index`, h.Index).Methods("GET")
338
339         // List blocks whose hash has the given prefix
340         rest.HandleFunc(`/index/{prefix:[0-9a-f]{0,32}}`, h.Index).Methods("GET")
341
342         rest.HandleFunc(`/{locator:[0-9a-f]{32}\+.*}`, h.Put).Methods("PUT")
343         rest.HandleFunc(`/{locator:[0-9a-f]{32}}`, h.Put).Methods("PUT")
344         rest.HandleFunc(`/`, h.Put).Methods("POST")
345         rest.HandleFunc(`/{any}`, h.Options).Methods("OPTIONS")
346         rest.HandleFunc(`/`, h.Options).Methods("OPTIONS")
347
348         rest.Handle("/_health/{check}", &health.Handler{
349                 Token:  cluster.ManagementToken,
350                 Prefix: "/_health/",
351         }).Methods("GET")
352
353         rest.NotFoundHandler = InvalidPathHandler{}
354         return h
355 }
356
357 var errLoopDetected = errors.New("loop detected")
358
359 func (h *proxyHandler) checkLoop(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) error {
360         if via := req.Header.Get("Via"); strings.Index(via, " "+viaAlias) >= 0 {
361                 h.logger.Printf("proxy loop detected (request has Via: %q): perhaps keepproxy is misidentified by gateway config as an external client, or its keep_services record does not have service_type=proxy?", via)
362                 http.Error(resp, errLoopDetected.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
363                 return errLoopDetected
364         }
365         return nil
366 }
367
368 func SetCorsHeaders(resp http.ResponseWriter) {
369         resp.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, OPTIONS")
370         resp.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
371         resp.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Authorization, Content-Length, Content-Type, X-Keep-Desired-Replicas")
372         resp.Header().Set("Access-Control-Max-Age", "86486400")
373 }
374
375 type InvalidPathHandler struct{}
376
377 func (InvalidPathHandler) ServeHTTP(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
378         log.Printf("%s: %s %s unroutable", GetRemoteAddress(req), req.Method, req.URL.Path)
379         http.Error(resp, "Bad request", http.StatusBadRequest)
380 }
381
382 func (h *proxyHandler) Options(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
383         log.Printf("%s: %s %s", GetRemoteAddress(req), req.Method, req.URL.Path)
384         SetCorsHeaders(resp)
385 }
386
387 var errBadAuthorizationHeader = errors.New("Missing or invalid Authorization header, or method not allowed")
388 var errContentLengthMismatch = errors.New("Actual length != expected content length")
389 var errMethodNotSupported = errors.New("Method not supported")
390
391 var removeHint, _ = regexp.Compile("\\+K@[a-z0-9]{5}(\\+|$)")
392
393 func (h *proxyHandler) Get(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
394         if err := h.checkLoop(resp, req); err != nil {
395                 return
396         }
397         SetCorsHeaders(resp)
398         resp.Header().Set("Via", req.Proto+" "+viaAlias)
399
400         locator := mux.Vars(req)["locator"]
401         var err error
402         var status int
403         var expectLength, responseLength int64
404         var proxiedURI = "-"
405
406         defer func() {
407                 log.Println(GetRemoteAddress(req), req.Method, req.URL.Path, status, expectLength, responseLength, proxiedURI, err)
408                 if status != http.StatusOK {
409                         http.Error(resp, err.Error(), status)
410                 }
411         }()
412
413         kc := h.makeKeepClient(req)
414
415         var pass bool
416         var tok string
417         var user *arvados.User
418         if pass, tok, user = h.CheckAuthorizationHeader(req); !pass {
419                 status, err = http.StatusForbidden, errBadAuthorizationHeader
420                 return
421         }
422
423         // Copy ArvadosClient struct and use the client's API token
424         arvclient := *kc.Arvados
425         arvclient.ApiToken = tok
426         kc.Arvados = &arvclient
427
428         var reader io.ReadCloser
429
430         locator = removeHint.ReplaceAllString(locator, "$1")
431
432         if locator != "" {
433                 parts := strings.SplitN(locator, "+", 3)
434                 if len(parts) >= 2 {
435                         logger := h.logger
436                         if user != nil {
437                                 logger = logger.WithField("user_uuid", user.UUID).
438                                         WithField("user_full_name", user.FullName)
439                         }
440                         logger.WithField("locator", fmt.Sprintf("%s+%s", parts[0], parts[1])).Infof("Block download")
441                 }
442         }
443
444         switch req.Method {
445         case "HEAD":
446                 expectLength, proxiedURI, err = kc.Ask(locator)
447         case "GET":
448                 reader, expectLength, proxiedURI, err = kc.Get(locator)
449                 if reader != nil {
450                         defer reader.Close()
451                 }
452         default:
453                 status, err = http.StatusNotImplemented, errMethodNotSupported
454                 return
455         }
456
457         if expectLength == -1 {
458                 log.Println("Warning:", GetRemoteAddress(req), req.Method, proxiedURI, "Content-Length not provided")
459         }
460
461         switch respErr := err.(type) {
462         case nil:
463                 status = http.StatusOK
464                 resp.Header().Set("Content-Length", fmt.Sprint(expectLength))
465                 switch req.Method {
466                 case "HEAD":
467                         responseLength = 0
468                 case "GET":
469                         responseLength, err = io.Copy(resp, reader)
470                         if err == nil && expectLength > -1 && responseLength != expectLength {
471                                 err = errContentLengthMismatch
472                         }
473                 }
474         case keepclient.Error:
475                 if respErr == keepclient.BlockNotFound {
476                         status = http.StatusNotFound
477                 } else if respErr.Temporary() {
478                         status = http.StatusBadGateway
479                 } else {
480                         status = 422
481                 }
482         default:
483                 status = http.StatusInternalServerError
484         }
485 }
486
487 var errLengthRequired = errors.New(http.StatusText(http.StatusLengthRequired))
488 var errLengthMismatch = errors.New("Locator size hint does not match Content-Length header")
489
490 func (h *proxyHandler) Put(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
491         if err := h.checkLoop(resp, req); err != nil {
492                 return
493         }
494         SetCorsHeaders(resp)
495         resp.Header().Set("Via", "HTTP/1.1 "+viaAlias)
496
497         kc := h.makeKeepClient(req)
498
499         var err error
500         var expectLength int64
501         var status = http.StatusInternalServerError
502         var wroteReplicas int
503         var locatorOut string = "-"
504
505         defer func() {
506                 log.Println(GetRemoteAddress(req), req.Method, req.URL.Path, status, expectLength, kc.Want_replicas, wroteReplicas, locatorOut, err)
507                 if status != http.StatusOK {
508                         http.Error(resp, err.Error(), status)
509                 }
510         }()
511
512         locatorIn := mux.Vars(req)["locator"]
513
514         // Check if the client specified storage classes
515         if req.Header.Get("X-Keep-Storage-Classes") != "" {
516                 var scl []string
517                 for _, sc := range strings.Split(req.Header.Get("X-Keep-Storage-Classes"), ",") {
518                         scl = append(scl, strings.Trim(sc, " "))
519                 }
520                 kc.StorageClasses = scl
521         }
522
523         _, err = fmt.Sscanf(req.Header.Get("Content-Length"), "%d", &expectLength)
524         if err != nil || expectLength < 0 {
525                 err = errLengthRequired
526                 status = http.StatusLengthRequired
527                 return
528         }
529
530         if locatorIn != "" {
531                 var loc *keepclient.Locator
532                 if loc, err = keepclient.MakeLocator(locatorIn); err != nil {
533                         status = http.StatusBadRequest
534                         return
535                 } else if loc.Size > 0 && int64(loc.Size) != expectLength {
536                         err = errLengthMismatch
537                         status = http.StatusBadRequest
538                         return
539                 }
540         }
541
542         var pass bool
543         var tok string
544         var user *arvados.User
545         if pass, tok, user = h.CheckAuthorizationHeader(req); !pass {
546                 err = errBadAuthorizationHeader
547                 status = http.StatusForbidden
548                 return
549         }
550
551         // Copy ArvadosClient struct and use the client's API token
552         arvclient := *kc.Arvados
553         arvclient.ApiToken = tok
554         kc.Arvados = &arvclient
555
556         // Check if the client specified the number of replicas
557         if req.Header.Get("X-Keep-Desired-Replicas") != "" {
558                 var r int
559                 _, err := fmt.Sscanf(req.Header.Get(keepclient.XKeepDesiredReplicas), "%d", &r)
560                 if err == nil {
561                         kc.Want_replicas = r
562                 }
563         }
564
565         // Now try to put the block through
566         if locatorIn == "" {
567                 bytes, err2 := ioutil.ReadAll(req.Body)
568                 if err2 != nil {
569                         err = fmt.Errorf("Error reading request body: %s", err2)
570                         status = http.StatusInternalServerError
571                         return
572                 }
573                 locatorOut, wroteReplicas, err = kc.PutB(bytes)
574         } else {
575                 locatorOut, wroteReplicas, err = kc.PutHR(locatorIn, req.Body, expectLength)
576         }
577
578         if locatorOut != "" {
579                 parts := strings.SplitN(locatorOut, "+", 3)
580                 if len(parts) >= 2 {
581                         logger := h.logger
582                         if user != nil {
583                                 logger = logger.WithField("user_uuid", user.UUID).
584                                         WithField("user_full_name", user.FullName)
585                         }
586                         logger.WithField("locator", fmt.Sprintf("%s+%s", parts[0], parts[1])).Infof("Block upload")
587                 }
588         }
589
590         // Tell the client how many successful PUTs we accomplished
591         resp.Header().Set(keepclient.XKeepReplicasStored, fmt.Sprintf("%d", wroteReplicas))
592
593         switch err.(type) {
594         case nil:
595                 status = http.StatusOK
596                 _, err = io.WriteString(resp, locatorOut)
597
598         case keepclient.OversizeBlockError:
599                 // Too much data
600                 status = http.StatusRequestEntityTooLarge
601
602         case keepclient.InsufficientReplicasError:
603                 if wroteReplicas > 0 {
604                         // At least one write is considered success.  The
605                         // client can decide if getting less than the number of
606                         // replications it asked for is a fatal error.
607                         status = http.StatusOK
608                         _, err = io.WriteString(resp, locatorOut)
609                 } else {
610                         status = http.StatusServiceUnavailable
611                 }
612
613         default:
614                 status = http.StatusBadGateway
615         }
616 }
617
618 // ServeHTTP implementation for IndexHandler
619 // Supports only GET requests for /index/{prefix:[0-9a-f]{0,32}}
620 // For each keep server found in LocalRoots:
621 //   Invokes GetIndex using keepclient
622 //   Expects "complete" response (terminating with blank new line)
623 //   Aborts on any errors
624 // Concatenates responses from all those keep servers and returns
625 func (h *proxyHandler) Index(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
626         SetCorsHeaders(resp)
627
628         prefix := mux.Vars(req)["prefix"]
629         var err error
630         var status int
631
632         defer func() {
633                 if status != http.StatusOK {
634                         http.Error(resp, err.Error(), status)
635                 }
636         }()
637
638         kc := h.makeKeepClient(req)
639         ok, token, _ := h.CheckAuthorizationHeader(req)
640         if !ok {
641                 status, err = http.StatusForbidden, errBadAuthorizationHeader
642                 return
643         }
644
645         // Copy ArvadosClient struct and use the client's API token
646         arvclient := *kc.Arvados
647         arvclient.ApiToken = token
648         kc.Arvados = &arvclient
649
650         // Only GET method is supported
651         if req.Method != "GET" {
652                 status, err = http.StatusNotImplemented, errMethodNotSupported
653                 return
654         }
655
656         // Get index from all LocalRoots and write to resp
657         var reader io.Reader
658         for uuid := range kc.LocalRoots() {
659                 reader, err = kc.GetIndex(uuid, prefix)
660                 if err != nil {
661                         status = http.StatusBadGateway
662                         return
663                 }
664
665                 _, err = io.Copy(resp, reader)
666                 if err != nil {
667                         status = http.StatusBadGateway
668                         return
669                 }
670         }
671
672         // Got index from all the keep servers and wrote to resp
673         status = http.StatusOK
674         resp.Write([]byte("\n"))
675 }
676
677 func (h *proxyHandler) makeKeepClient(req *http.Request) *keepclient.KeepClient {
678         kc := *h.KeepClient
679         kc.RequestID = req.Header.Get("X-Request-Id")
680         kc.HTTPClient = &proxyClient{
681                 client: &http.Client{
682                         Timeout:   h.timeout,
683                         Transport: h.transport,
684                 },
685                 proto: req.Proto,
686         }
687         return &kc
688 }