5745: Serialize writes and data reads, but allow concurrent requests

[arvados.git] / services / keepstore / handlers.go

package main

// REST handlers for Keep are implemented here.
//
// GetBlockHandler (GET /locator)
// PutBlockHandler (PUT /locator)
// IndexHandler    (GET /index, GET /index/prefix)
// StatusHandler   (GET /status.json)

import (
        "bytes"
        "container/list"
        "crypto/md5"
        "encoding/json"
        "fmt"
        "github.com/gorilla/mux"
        "io"
        "log"
        "net/http"
        "os"
        "regexp"
        "runtime"
        "strconv"
        "strings"
        "syscall"
        "time"
)

// MakeRESTRouter returns a new mux.Router that forwards all Keep
// requests to the appropriate handlers.
//
func MakeRESTRouter() *mux.Router {
        rest := mux.NewRouter()

        rest.HandleFunc(
                `/{hash:[0-9a-f]{32}}`, GetBlockHandler).Methods("GET", "HEAD")
        rest.HandleFunc(
                `/{hash:[0-9a-f]{32}}+{hints}`,
                GetBlockHandler).Methods("GET", "HEAD")

        rest.HandleFunc(`/{hash:[0-9a-f]{32}}`, PutBlockHandler).Methods("PUT")
        rest.HandleFunc(`/{hash:[0-9a-f]{32}}`, DeleteHandler).Methods("DELETE")
        // List all blocks stored here. Privileged client only.
        rest.HandleFunc(`/index`, IndexHandler).Methods("GET", "HEAD")
        // List blocks stored here whose hash has the given prefix.
        // Privileged client only.
        rest.HandleFunc(`/index/{prefix:[0-9a-f]{0,32}}`, IndexHandler).Methods("GET", "HEAD")

        // List volumes: path, device number, bytes used/avail.
        rest.HandleFunc(`/status.json`, StatusHandler).Methods("GET", "HEAD")

        // Replace the current pull queue.
        rest.HandleFunc(`/pull`, PullHandler).Methods("PUT")

        // Replace the current trash queue.
        rest.HandleFunc(`/trash`, TrashHandler).Methods("PUT")

        // Any request which does not match any of these routes gets
        // 400 Bad Request.
        rest.NotFoundHandler = http.HandlerFunc(BadRequestHandler)

        return rest
}

func BadRequestHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        http.Error(w, BadRequestError.Error(), BadRequestError.HTTPCode)
}

func GetBlockHandler(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
        hash := mux.Vars(req)["hash"]

        hints := mux.Vars(req)["hints"]

        // Parse the locator string and hints from the request.
        // TODO(twp): implement a Locator type.
        var signature, timestamp string
        if hints != "" {
                signature_pat, _ := regexp.Compile("^A([[:xdigit:]]+)@([[:xdigit:]]{8})$")
                for _, hint := range strings.Split(hints, "+") {
                        if match, _ := regexp.MatchString("^[[:digit:]]+$", hint); match {
                                // Server ignores size hints
                        } else if m := signature_pat.FindStringSubmatch(hint); m != nil {
                                signature = m[1]
                                timestamp = m[2]
                        } else if match, _ := regexp.MatchString("^[[:upper:]]", hint); match {
                                // Any unknown hint that starts with an uppercase letter is
                                // presumed to be valid and ignored, to permit forward compatibility.
                        } else {
                                // Unknown format; not a valid locator.
                                http.Error(resp, BadRequestError.Error(), BadRequestError.HTTPCode)
                                return
                        }
                }
        }

        // If permission checking is in effect, verify this
        // request's permission signature.
        if enforce_permissions {
                if signature == "" || timestamp == "" {
                        http.Error(resp, PermissionError.Error(), PermissionError.HTTPCode)
                        return
                } else if IsExpired(timestamp) {
                        http.Error(resp, ExpiredError.Error(), ExpiredError.HTTPCode)
                        return
                } else {
                        req_locator := req.URL.Path[1:] // strip leading slash
                        if !VerifySignature(req_locator, GetApiToken(req)) {
                                http.Error(resp, PermissionError.Error(), PermissionError.HTTPCode)
                                return
                        }
                }
        }

        block, err := GetBlock(hash, false)

        // Garbage collect after each GET. Fixes #2865.
        // TODO(twp): review Keep memory usage and see if there's
        // a better way to do this than blindly garbage collecting
        // after every block.
        defer runtime.GC()

        if err != nil {
                // This type assertion is safe because the only errors
                // GetBlock can return are DiskHashError or NotFoundError.
                http.Error(resp, err.Error(), err.(*KeepError).HTTPCode)
                return
        }

        resp.Header().Set("Content-Length", fmt.Sprintf("%d", len(block)))

        _, err = resp.Write(block)

        return
}

func PutBlockHandler(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
        // Garbage collect after each PUT. Fixes #2865.
        // See also GetBlockHandler.
        defer runtime.GC()

        hash := mux.Vars(req)["hash"]

        // Detect as many error conditions as possible before reading
        // the body: avoid transmitting data that will not end up
        // being written anyway.

        if req.ContentLength == -1 {
                http.Error(resp, SizeRequiredError.Error(), SizeRequiredError.HTTPCode)
                return
        }

        if req.ContentLength > BLOCKSIZE {
                http.Error(resp, TooLongError.Error(), TooLongError.HTTPCode)
                return
        }

        if len(KeepVM.AllWritable()) == 0 {
                http.Error(resp, FullError.Error(), FullError.HTTPCode)
                return
        }

        buf := make([]byte, req.ContentLength)
        nread, err := io.ReadFull(req.Body, buf)
        if err != nil {
                http.Error(resp, err.Error(), 500)
                return
        } else if int64(nread) < req.ContentLength {
                http.Error(resp, "request truncated", 500)
                return
        }

        err = PutBlock(buf, hash)
        if err != nil {
                ke := err.(*KeepError)
                http.Error(resp, ke.Error(), ke.HTTPCode)
                return
        }

        // Success; add a size hint, sign the locator if possible, and
        // return it to the client.
        return_hash := fmt.Sprintf("%s+%d", hash, len(buf))
        api_token := GetApiToken(req)
        if PermissionSecret != nil && api_token != "" {
                expiry := time.Now().Add(blob_signature_ttl)
                return_hash = SignLocator(return_hash, api_token, expiry)
        }
        resp.Write([]byte(return_hash + "\n"))
}

// IndexHandler
//     A HandleFunc to address /index and /index/{prefix} requests.
//
func IndexHandler(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
        // Reject unauthorized requests.
        if !IsDataManagerToken(GetApiToken(req)) {
                http.Error(resp, UnauthorizedError.Error(), UnauthorizedError.HTTPCode)
                return
        }

        prefix := mux.Vars(req)["prefix"]

        for _, vol := range KeepVM.AllReadable() {
                if err := vol.IndexTo(prefix, resp); err != nil {
                        // The only errors returned by IndexTo are
                        // write errors returned by resp.Write(),
                        // which probably means the client has
                        // disconnected and this error will never be
                        // reported to the client -- but it will
                        // appear in our own error log.
                        http.Error(resp, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
                        return
                }
        }
}

// StatusHandler
//     Responds to /status.json requests with the current node status,
//     described in a JSON structure.
//
//     The data given in a status.json response includes:
//        volumes - a list of Keep volumes currently in use by this server
//          each volume is an object with the following fields:
//            * mount_point
//            * device_num (an integer identifying the underlying filesystem)
//            * bytes_free
//            * bytes_used
//
type VolumeStatus struct {
        MountPoint string `json:"mount_point"`
        DeviceNum  uint64 `json:"device_num"`
        BytesFree  uint64 `json:"bytes_free"`
        BytesUsed  uint64 `json:"bytes_used"`
}

type NodeStatus struct {
        Volumes []*VolumeStatus `json:"volumes"`
}

func StatusHandler(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
        st := GetNodeStatus()
        if jstat, err := json.Marshal(st); err == nil {
                resp.Write(jstat)
        } else {
                log.Printf("json.Marshal: %s\n", err)
                log.Printf("NodeStatus = %v\n", st)
                http.Error(resp, err.Error(), 500)
        }
}

// GetNodeStatus
//     Returns a NodeStatus struct describing this Keep
//     node's current status.
//
func GetNodeStatus() *NodeStatus {
        st := new(NodeStatus)

        st.Volumes = make([]*VolumeStatus, len(KeepVM.AllReadable()))
        for i, vol := range KeepVM.AllReadable() {
                st.Volumes[i] = vol.Status()
        }
        return st
}

// GetVolumeStatus
//     Returns a VolumeStatus describing the requested volume.
//
func GetVolumeStatus(volume string) *VolumeStatus {
        var fs syscall.Statfs_t
        var devnum uint64

        if fi, err := os.Stat(volume); err == nil {
                devnum = fi.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t).Dev
        } else {
                log.Printf("GetVolumeStatus: os.Stat: %s\n", err)
                return nil
        }

        err := syscall.Statfs(volume, &fs)
        if err != nil {
                log.Printf("GetVolumeStatus: statfs: %s\n", err)
                return nil
        }
        // These calculations match the way df calculates disk usage:
        // "free" space is measured by fs.Bavail, but "used" space
        // uses fs.Blocks - fs.Bfree.
        free := fs.Bavail * uint64(fs.Bsize)
        used := (fs.Blocks - fs.Bfree) * uint64(fs.Bsize)
        return &VolumeStatus{volume, devnum, free, used}
}

// DeleteHandler processes DELETE requests.
//
// DELETE /{hash:[0-9a-f]{32} will delete the block with the specified hash
// from all connected volumes.
//
// Only the Data Manager, or an Arvados admin with scope "all", are
// allowed to issue DELETE requests.  If a DELETE request is not
// authenticated or is issued by a non-admin user, the server returns
// a PermissionError.
//
// Upon receiving a valid request from an authorized user,
// DeleteHandler deletes all copies of the specified block on local
// writable volumes.
//
// Response format:
//
// If the requested blocks was not found on any volume, the response
// code is HTTP 404 Not Found.
//
// Otherwise, the response code is 200 OK, with a response body
// consisting of the JSON message
//
//    {"copies_deleted":d,"copies_failed":f}
//
// where d and f are integers representing the number of blocks that
// were successfully and unsuccessfully deleted.
//
func DeleteHandler(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
        hash := mux.Vars(req)["hash"]

        // Confirm that this user is an admin and has a token with unlimited scope.
        var tok = GetApiToken(req)
        if tok == "" || !CanDelete(tok) {
                http.Error(resp, PermissionError.Error(), PermissionError.HTTPCode)
                return
        }

        if never_delete {
                http.Error(resp, MethodDisabledError.Error(), MethodDisabledError.HTTPCode)
                return
        }

        // Delete copies of this block from all available volumes.
        // Report how many blocks were successfully deleted, and how
        // many were found on writable volumes but not deleted.
        var result struct {
                Deleted int `json:"copies_deleted"`
                Failed  int `json:"copies_failed"`
        }
        for _, vol := range KeepVM.AllWritable() {
                if err := vol.Delete(hash); err == nil {
                        result.Deleted++
                } else if os.IsNotExist(err) {
                        continue
                } else {
                        result.Failed++
                        log.Println("DeleteHandler:", err)
                }
        }

        var st int

        if result.Deleted == 0 && result.Failed == 0 {
                st = http.StatusNotFound
        } else {
                st = http.StatusOK
        }

        resp.WriteHeader(st)

        if st == http.StatusOK {
                if body, err := json.Marshal(result); err == nil {
                        resp.Write(body)
                } else {
                        log.Printf("json.Marshal: %s (result = %v)\n", err, result)
                        http.Error(resp, err.Error(), 500)
                }
        }
}

/* PullHandler processes "PUT /pull" requests for the data manager.
   The request body is a JSON message containing a list of pull
   requests in the following format:

   [
      {
         "locator":"e4d909c290d0fb1ca068ffaddf22cbd0+4985",
         "servers":[
                        "keep0.qr1hi.arvadosapi.com:25107",
                        "keep1.qr1hi.arvadosapi.com:25108"
                 ]
          },
          {
                 "locator":"55ae4d45d2db0793d53f03e805f656e5+658395",
                 "servers":[
                        "10.0.1.5:25107",
                        "10.0.1.6:25107",
                        "10.0.1.7:25108"
                 ]
          },
          ...
   ]

   Each pull request in the list consists of a block locator string
   and an ordered list of servers.  Keepstore should try to fetch the
   block from each server in turn.

   If the request has not been sent by the Data Manager, return 401
   Unauthorized.

   If the JSON unmarshalling fails, return 400 Bad Request.
*/

type PullRequest struct {
        Locator string   `json:"locator"`
        Servers []string `json:"servers"`
}

func PullHandler(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
        // Reject unauthorized requests.
        if !IsDataManagerToken(GetApiToken(req)) {
                http.Error(resp, UnauthorizedError.Error(), UnauthorizedError.HTTPCode)
                return
        }

        // Parse the request body.
        var pr []PullRequest
        r := json.NewDecoder(req.Body)
        if err := r.Decode(&pr); err != nil {
                http.Error(resp, BadRequestError.Error(), BadRequestError.HTTPCode)
                return
        }

        // We have a properly formatted pull list sent from the data
        // manager.  Report success and send the list to the pull list
        // manager for further handling.
        resp.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
        resp.Write([]byte(
                fmt.Sprintf("Received %d pull requests\n", len(pr))))

        plist := list.New()
        for _, p := range pr {
                plist.PushBack(p)
        }
        pullq.ReplaceQueue(plist)
}

type TrashRequest struct {
        Locator    string `json:"locator"`
        BlockMtime int64  `json:"block_mtime"`
}

func TrashHandler(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
        // Reject unauthorized requests.
        if !IsDataManagerToken(GetApiToken(req)) {
                http.Error(resp, UnauthorizedError.Error(), UnauthorizedError.HTTPCode)
                return
        }

        // Parse the request body.
        var trash []TrashRequest
        r := json.NewDecoder(req.Body)
        if err := r.Decode(&trash); err != nil {
                http.Error(resp, BadRequestError.Error(), BadRequestError.HTTPCode)
                return
        }

        // We have a properly formatted trash list sent from the data
        // manager.  Report success and send the list to the trash work
        // queue for further handling.
        resp.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
        resp.Write([]byte(
                fmt.Sprintf("Received %d trash requests\n", len(trash))))

        tlist := list.New()
        for _, t := range trash {
                tlist.PushBack(t)
        }
        trashq.ReplaceQueue(tlist)
}

// ==============================
// GetBlock and PutBlock implement lower-level code for handling
// blocks by rooting through volumes connected to the local machine.
// Once the handler has determined that system policy permits the
// request, it calls these methods to perform the actual operation.
//
// TODO(twp): this code would probably be better located in the
// VolumeManager interface. As an abstraction, the VolumeManager
// should be the only part of the code that cares about which volume a
// block is stored on, so it should be responsible for figuring out
// which volume to check for fetching blocks, storing blocks, etc.

// ==============================
// GetBlock fetches and returns the block identified by "hash".  If
// the update_timestamp argument is true, GetBlock also updates the
// block's file modification time (for the sake of PutBlock, which
// must update the file's timestamp when the block already exists).
//
// On success, GetBlock returns a byte slice with the block data, and
// a nil error.
//
// If the block cannot be found on any volume, returns NotFoundError.
//
// If the block found does not have the correct MD5 hash, returns
// DiskHashError.
//

func GetBlock(hash string, update_timestamp bool) ([]byte, error) {
        // Attempt to read the requested hash from a keep volume.
        error_to_caller := NotFoundError

        var vols []Volume
        if update_timestamp {
                // Pointless to find the block on an unwritable volume
                // because Touch() will fail -- this is as good as
                // "not found" for purposes of callers who need to
                // update_timestamp.
                vols = KeepVM.AllWritable()
        } else {
                vols = KeepVM.AllReadable()
        }

        for _, vol := range vols {
                buf, err := vol.Get(hash)
                if err != nil {
                        // IsNotExist is an expected error and may be
                        // ignored. All other errors are logged. In
                        // any case we continue trying to read other
                        // volumes. If all volumes report IsNotExist,
                        // we return a NotFoundError.
                        if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
                                log.Printf("GetBlock: reading %s: %s\n", hash, err)
                        }
                        continue
                }
                // Check the file checksum.
                //
                filehash := fmt.Sprintf("%x", md5.Sum(buf))
                if filehash != hash {
                        // TODO: Try harder to tell a sysadmin about
                        // this.
                        log.Printf("%s: checksum mismatch for request %s (actual %s)\n",
                                vol, hash, filehash)
                        error_to_caller = DiskHashError
                        continue
                }
                if error_to_caller == DiskHashError {
                        log.Printf("%s: checksum mismatch for request %s but a good copy was found on another volume and returned",
                                vol, hash)
                }
                if update_timestamp {
                        if err := vol.Touch(hash); err != nil {
                                error_to_caller = GenericError
                                log.Printf("%s: Touch %s failed: %s",
                                        vol, hash, error_to_caller)
                                continue
                        }
                }
                return buf, nil
        }
        return nil, error_to_caller
}

/* PutBlock(block, hash)
   Stores the BLOCK (identified by the content id HASH) in Keep.

   The MD5 checksum of the block must be identical to the content id HASH.
   If not, an error is returned.

   PutBlock stores the BLOCK on the first Keep volume with free space.
   A failure code is returned to the user only if all volumes fail.

   On success, PutBlock returns nil.
   On failure, it returns a KeepError with one of the following codes:

   500 Collision
          A different block with the same hash already exists on this
          Keep server.
   422 MD5Fail
          The MD5 hash of the BLOCK does not match the argument HASH.
   503 Full
          There was not enough space left in any Keep volume to store
          the object.
   500 Fail
          The object could not be stored for some other reason (e.g.
          all writes failed). The text of the error message should
          provide as much detail as possible.
*/

func PutBlock(block []byte, hash string) error {
        // Check that BLOCK's checksum matches HASH.
        blockhash := fmt.Sprintf("%x", md5.Sum(block))
        if blockhash != hash {
                log.Printf("%s: MD5 checksum %s did not match request", hash, blockhash)
                return RequestHashError
        }

        // If we already have a block on disk under this identifier, return
        // success (but check for MD5 collisions).  While fetching the block,
        // update its timestamp.
        // The only errors that GetBlock can return are DiskHashError and NotFoundError.
        // In either case, we want to write our new (good) block to disk,
        // so there is nothing special to do if err != nil.
        //
        if oldblock, err := GetBlock(hash, true); err == nil {
                if bytes.Compare(block, oldblock) == 0 {
                        // The block already exists; return success.
                        return nil
                } else {
                        return CollisionError
                }
        }

        // Choose a Keep volume to write to.
        // If this volume fails, try all of the volumes in order.
        if vol := KeepVM.NextWritable(); vol != nil {
                if err := vol.Put(hash, block); err == nil {
                        return nil // success!
                }
        }

        writables := KeepVM.AllWritable()
        if len(writables) == 0 {
                log.Print("No writable volumes.")
                return FullError
        }

        allFull := true
        for _, vol := range writables {
                err := vol.Put(hash, block)
                if err == nil {
                        return nil // success!
                }
                if err != FullError {
                        // The volume is not full but the
                        // write did not succeed.  Report the
                        // error and continue trying.
                        allFull = false
                        log.Printf("%s: Write(%s): %s\n", vol, hash, err)
                }
        }

        if allFull {
                log.Print("All volumes are full.")
                return FullError
        } else {
                // Already logged the non-full errors.
                return GenericError
        }
}

// IsValidLocator
//     Return true if the specified string is a valid Keep locator.
//     When Keep is extended to support hash types other than MD5,
//     this should be updated to cover those as well.
//
func IsValidLocator(loc string) bool {
        match, err := regexp.MatchString(`^[0-9a-f]{32}$`, loc)
        if err == nil {
                return match
        }
        log.Printf("IsValidLocator: %s\n", err)
        return false
}

// GetApiToken returns the OAuth2 token from the Authorization
// header of a HTTP request, or an empty string if no matching
// token is found.
func GetApiToken(req *http.Request) string {
        if auth, ok := req.Header["Authorization"]; ok {
                if pat, err := regexp.Compile(`^OAuth2\s+(.*)`); err != nil {
                        log.Println(err)
                } else if match := pat.FindStringSubmatch(auth[0]); match != nil {
                        return match[1]
                }
        }
        return ""
}

// IsExpired returns true if the given Unix timestamp (expressed as a
// hexadecimal string) is in the past, or if timestamp_hex cannot be
// parsed as a hexadecimal string.
func IsExpired(timestamp_hex string) bool {
        ts, err := strconv.ParseInt(timestamp_hex, 16, 0)
        if err != nil {
                log.Printf("IsExpired: %s\n", err)
                return true
        }
        return time.Unix(ts, 0).Before(time.Now())
}

// CanDelete returns true if the user identified by api_token is
// allowed to delete blocks.
func CanDelete(api_token string) bool {
        if api_token == "" {
                return false
        }
        // Blocks may be deleted only when Keep has been configured with a
        // data manager.
        if IsDataManagerToken(api_token) {
                return true
        }
        // TODO(twp): look up api_token with the API server
        // return true if is_admin is true and if the token
        // has unlimited scope
        return false
}

// IsDataManagerToken returns true if api_token represents the data
// manager's token.
func IsDataManagerToken(api_token string) bool {
        return data_manager_token != "" && api_token == data_manager_token
}