services/keep-web/s3_test.go

   1 // Copyright (C) The Arvados Authors. All rights reserved.
   2 //
   3 // SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0
   4
   5 package main
   6
   7 import (
   8         "bytes"
   9         "crypto/rand"
  10         "fmt"
  11         "io/ioutil"
  12         "net/http"
  13         "os"
  14         "strings"
  15         "sync"
  16         "time"
  17
  18         "git.arvados.org/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
  19         "git.arvados.org/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvadosclient"
  20         "git.arvados.org/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvadostest"
  21         "git.arvados.org/arvados.git/sdk/go/keepclient"
  22         "github.com/AdRoll/goamz/aws"
  23         "github.com/AdRoll/goamz/s3"
  24         check "gopkg.in/check.v1"
  25 )
  26
  27 type s3stage struct {
  28         arv        *arvados.Client
  29         ac         *arvadosclient.ArvadosClient
  30         kc         *keepclient.KeepClient
  31         proj       arvados.Group
  32         projbucket *s3.Bucket
  33         coll       arvados.Collection
  34         collbucket *s3.Bucket
  35 }
  36
  37 func (s *IntegrationSuite) s3setup(c *check.C) s3stage {
  38         var proj arvados.Group
  39         var coll arvados.Collection
  40         arv := arvados.NewClientFromEnv()
  41         arv.AuthToken = arvadostest.ActiveToken
  42         err := arv.RequestAndDecode(&proj, "POST", "arvados/v1/groups", nil, map[string]interface{}{
  43                 "group": map[string]interface{}{
  44                         "group_class": "project",
  45                         "name":        "keep-web s3 test",
  46                 },
  47                 "ensure_unique_name": true,
  48         })
  49         c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
  50         err = arv.RequestAndDecode(&coll, "POST", "arvados/v1/collections", nil, map[string]interface{}{"collection": map[string]interface{}{
  51                 "owner_uuid":    proj.UUID,
  52                 "name":          "keep-web s3 test collection",
  53                 "manifest_text": ". d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e+0 0:0:emptyfile\n./emptydir d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e+0 0:0:.\n",
  54         }})
  55         c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
  56         ac, err := arvadosclient.New(arv)
  57         c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
  58         kc, err := keepclient.MakeKeepClient(ac)
  59         c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
  60         fs, err := coll.FileSystem(arv, kc)
  61         c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
  62         f, err := fs.OpenFile("sailboat.txt", os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
  63         c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
  64         _, err = f.Write([]byte("⛵\n"))
  65         c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
  66         err = f.Close()
  67         c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
  68         err = fs.Sync()
  69         c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
  70         err = arv.RequestAndDecode(&coll, "GET", "arvados/v1/collections/"+coll.UUID, nil, nil)
  71         c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
  72
  73         auth := aws.NewAuth(arvadostest.ActiveTokenV2, arvadostest.ActiveTokenV2, "", time.Now().Add(time.Hour))
  74         region := aws.Region{
  75                 Name:       s.testServer.Addr,
  76                 S3Endpoint: "http://" + s.testServer.Addr,
  77         }
  78         client := s3.New(*auth, region)
  79         return s3stage{
  80                 arv:  arv,
  81                 ac:   ac,
  82                 kc:   kc,
  83                 proj: proj,
  84                 projbucket: &s3.Bucket{
  85                         S3:   client,
  86                         Name: proj.UUID,
  87                 },
  88                 coll: coll,
  89                 collbucket: &s3.Bucket{
  90                         S3:   client,
  91                         Name: coll.UUID,
  92                 },
  93         }
  94 }
  95
  96 func (stage s3stage) teardown(c *check.C) {
  97         if stage.coll.UUID != "" {
  98                 err := stage.arv.RequestAndDecode(&stage.coll, "DELETE", "arvados/v1/collections/"+stage.coll.UUID, nil, nil)
  99                 c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
 100         }
 101         if stage.proj.UUID != "" {
 102                 err := stage.arv.RequestAndDecode(&stage.proj, "DELETE", "arvados/v1/groups/"+stage.proj.UUID, nil, nil)
 103                 c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
 104         }
 105 }
 106
 107 func (s *IntegrationSuite) TestS3HeadBucket(c *check.C) {
 108         stage := s.s3setup(c)
 109         defer stage.teardown(c)
 110
 111         for _, bucket := range []*s3.Bucket{stage.collbucket, stage.projbucket} {
 112                 c.Logf("bucket %s", bucket.Name)
 113                 exists, err := bucket.Exists("")
 114                 c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
 115                 c.Check(exists, check.Equals, true)
 116         }
 117 }
 118
 119 func (s *IntegrationSuite) TestS3CollectionGetObject(c *check.C) {
 120         stage := s.s3setup(c)
 121         defer stage.teardown(c)
 122         s.testS3GetObject(c, stage.collbucket, "")
 123 }
 124 func (s *IntegrationSuite) TestS3ProjectGetObject(c *check.C) {
 125         stage := s.s3setup(c)
 126         defer stage.teardown(c)
 127         s.testS3GetObject(c, stage.projbucket, stage.coll.Name+"/")
 128 }
 129 func (s *IntegrationSuite) testS3GetObject(c *check.C, bucket *s3.Bucket, prefix string) {
 130         rdr, err := bucket.GetReader(prefix + "emptyfile")
 131         c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 132         buf, err := ioutil.ReadAll(rdr)
 133         c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
 134         c.Check(len(buf), check.Equals, 0)
 135         err = rdr.Close()
 136         c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
 137
 138         // GetObject
 139         rdr, err = bucket.GetReader(prefix + "missingfile")
 140         c.Check(err, check.ErrorMatches, `404 Not Found`)
 141
 142         // HeadObject
 143         exists, err := bucket.Exists(prefix + "missingfile")
 144         c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
 145         c.Check(exists, check.Equals, false)
 146
 147         // GetObject
 148         rdr, err = bucket.GetReader(prefix + "sailboat.txt")
 149         c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 150         buf, err = ioutil.ReadAll(rdr)
 151         c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
 152         c.Check(buf, check.DeepEquals, []byte("⛵\n"))
 153         err = rdr.Close()
 154         c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
 155
 156         // HeadObject
 157         resp, err := bucket.Head(prefix+"sailboat.txt", nil)
 158         c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
 159         c.Check(resp.StatusCode, check.Equals, http.StatusOK)
 160         c.Check(resp.ContentLength, check.Equals, int64(4))
 161 }
 162
 163 func (s *IntegrationSuite) TestS3CollectionPutObjectSuccess(c *check.C) {
 164         stage := s.s3setup(c)
 165         defer stage.teardown(c)
 166         s.testS3PutObjectSuccess(c, stage.collbucket, "")
 167 }
 168 func (s *IntegrationSuite) TestS3ProjectPutObjectSuccess(c *check.C) {
 169         stage := s.s3setup(c)
 170         defer stage.teardown(c)
 171         s.testS3PutObjectSuccess(c, stage.projbucket, stage.coll.Name+"/")
 172 }
 173 func (s *IntegrationSuite) testS3PutObjectSuccess(c *check.C, bucket *s3.Bucket, prefix string) {
 174         for _, trial := range []struct {
 175                 path        string
 176                 size        int
 177                 contentType string
 178         }{
 179                 {
 180                         path:        "newfile",
 181                         size:        128000000,
 182                         contentType: "application/octet-stream",
 183                 }, {
 184                         path:        "newdir/newfile",
 185                         size:        1 << 26,
 186                         contentType: "application/octet-stream",
 187                 }, {
 188                         path:        "newdir1/newdir2/newfile",
 189                         size:        0,
 190                         contentType: "application/octet-stream",
 191                 }, {
 192                         path:        "newdir1/newdir2/newdir3/",
 193                         size:        0,
 194                         contentType: "application/x-directory",
 195                 },
 196         } {
 197                 c.Logf("=== %v", trial)
 198
 199                 objname := prefix + trial.path
 200
 201                 _, err := bucket.GetReader(objname)
 202                 c.Assert(err, check.ErrorMatches, `404 Not Found`)
 203
 204                 buf := make([]byte, trial.size)
 205                 rand.Read(buf)
 206
 207                 err = bucket.PutReader(objname, bytes.NewReader(buf), int64(len(buf)), trial.contentType, s3.Private, s3.Options{})
 208                 c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
 209
 210                 rdr, err := bucket.GetReader(objname)
 211                 if strings.HasSuffix(trial.path, "/") && !s.testServer.Config.cluster.Collections.S3FolderObjects {
 212                         c.Check(err, check.NotNil)
 213                         continue
 214                 } else if !c.Check(err, check.IsNil) {
 215                         continue
 216                 }
 217                 buf2, err := ioutil.ReadAll(rdr)
 218                 c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
 219                 c.Check(buf2, check.HasLen, len(buf))
 220                 c.Check(bytes.Equal(buf, buf2), check.Equals, true)
 221         }
 222 }
 223
 224 func (s *IntegrationSuite) TestS3ProjectPutObjectNotSupported(c *check.C) {
 225         stage := s.s3setup(c)
 226         defer stage.teardown(c)
 227         bucket := stage.projbucket
 228
 229         for _, trial := range []struct {
 230                 path        string
 231                 size        int
 232                 contentType string
 233         }{
 234                 {
 235                         path:        "newfile",
 236                         size:        1234,
 237                         contentType: "application/octet-stream",
 238                 }, {
 239                         path:        "newdir/newfile",
 240                         size:        1234,
 241                         contentType: "application/octet-stream",
 242                 }, {
 243                         path:        "newdir2/",
 244                         size:        0,
 245                         contentType: "application/x-directory",
 246                 },
 247         } {
 248                 c.Logf("=== %v", trial)
 249
 250                 _, err := bucket.GetReader(trial.path)
 251                 c.Assert(err, check.ErrorMatches, `404 Not Found`)
 252
 253                 buf := make([]byte, trial.size)
 254                 rand.Read(buf)
 255
 256                 err = bucket.PutReader(trial.path, bytes.NewReader(buf), int64(len(buf)), trial.contentType, s3.Private, s3.Options{})
 257                 c.Check(err, check.ErrorMatches, `400 Bad Request`)
 258
 259                 _, err = bucket.GetReader(trial.path)
 260                 c.Assert(err, check.ErrorMatches, `404 Not Found`)
 261         }
 262 }
 263
 264 func (s *IntegrationSuite) TestS3CollectionDeleteObject(c *check.C) {
 265         stage := s.s3setup(c)
 266         defer stage.teardown(c)
 267         s.testS3DeleteObject(c, stage.collbucket, "")
 268 }
 269 func (s *IntegrationSuite) TestS3ProjectDeleteObject(c *check.C) {
 270         stage := s.s3setup(c)
 271         defer stage.teardown(c)
 272         s.testS3DeleteObject(c, stage.projbucket, stage.coll.Name+"/")
 273 }
 274 func (s *IntegrationSuite) testS3DeleteObject(c *check.C, bucket *s3.Bucket, prefix string) {
 275         s.testServer.Config.cluster.Collections.S3FolderObjects = true
 276         for _, trial := range []struct {
 277                 path string
 278         }{
 279                 {"/"},
 280                 {"nonexistentfile"},
 281                 {"emptyfile"},
 282                 {"sailboat.txt"},
 283                 {"sailboat.txt/"},
 284                 {"emptydir"},
 285                 {"emptydir/"},
 286         } {
 287                 objname := prefix + trial.path
 288                 comment := check.Commentf("objname %q", objname)
 289
 290                 err := bucket.Del(objname)
 291                 if trial.path == "/" {
 292                         c.Check(err, check.NotNil)
 293                         continue
 294                 }
 295                 c.Check(err, check.IsNil, comment)
 296                 _, err = bucket.GetReader(objname)
 297                 c.Check(err, check.NotNil, comment)
 298         }
 299 }
 300
 301 func (s *IntegrationSuite) TestS3CollectionPutObjectFailure(c *check.C) {
 302         stage := s.s3setup(c)
 303         defer stage.teardown(c)
 304         s.testS3PutObjectFailure(c, stage.collbucket, "")
 305 }
 306 func (s *IntegrationSuite) TestS3ProjectPutObjectFailure(c *check.C) {
 307         stage := s.s3setup(c)
 308         defer stage.teardown(c)
 309         s.testS3PutObjectFailure(c, stage.projbucket, stage.coll.Name+"/")
 310 }
 311 func (s *IntegrationSuite) testS3PutObjectFailure(c *check.C, bucket *s3.Bucket, prefix string) {
 312         s.testServer.Config.cluster.Collections.S3FolderObjects = false
 313         var wg sync.WaitGroup
 314         for _, trial := range []struct {
 315                 path string
 316         }{
 317                 {
 318                         path: "emptyfile/newname", // emptyfile exists, see s3setup()
 319                 }, {
 320                         path: "emptyfile/", // emptyfile exists, see s3setup()
 321                 }, {
 322                         path: "emptydir", // dir already exists, see s3setup()
 323                 }, {
 324                         path: "emptydir/",
 325                 }, {
 326                         path: "emptydir//",
 327                 }, {
 328                         path: "newdir/",
 329                 }, {
 330                         path: "newdir//",
 331                 }, {
 332                         path: "/",
 333                 }, {
 334                         path: "//",
 335                 }, {
 336                         path: "foo//bar",
 337                 }, {
 338                         path: "",
 339                 },
 340         } {
 341                 trial := trial
 342                 wg.Add(1)
 343                 go func() {
 344                         defer wg.Done()
 345                         c.Logf("=== %v", trial)
 346
 347                         objname := prefix + trial.path
 348
 349                         buf := make([]byte, 1234)
 350                         rand.Read(buf)
 351
 352                         err := bucket.PutReader(objname, bytes.NewReader(buf), int64(len(buf)), "application/octet-stream", s3.Private, s3.Options{})
 353                         if !c.Check(err, check.ErrorMatches, `400 Bad.*`, check.Commentf("PUT %q should fail", objname)) {
 354                                 return
 355                         }
 356
 357                         if objname != "" && objname != "/" {
 358                                 _, err = bucket.GetReader(objname)
 359                                 c.Check(err, check.ErrorMatches, `404 Not Found`, check.Commentf("GET %q should return 404", objname))
 360                         }
 361                 }()
 362         }
 363         wg.Wait()
 364 }
 365
 366 func (stage *s3stage) writeBigDirs(c *check.C, dirs int, filesPerDir int) {
 367         fs, err := stage.coll.FileSystem(stage.arv, stage.kc)
 368         c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 369         for d := 0; d < dirs; d++ {
 370                 dir := fmt.Sprintf("dir%d", d)
 371                 c.Assert(fs.Mkdir(dir, 0755), check.IsNil)
 372                 for i := 0; i < filesPerDir; i++ {
 373                         f, err := fs.OpenFile(fmt.Sprintf("%s/file%d.txt", dir, i), os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
 374                         c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 375                         c.Assert(f.Close(), check.IsNil)
 376                 }
 377         }
 378         c.Assert(fs.Sync(), check.IsNil)
 379 }
 380
 381 func (s *IntegrationSuite) TestS3GetBucketVersioning(c *check.C) {
 382         stage := s.s3setup(c)
 383         defer stage.teardown(c)
 384         for _, bucket := range []*s3.Bucket{stage.collbucket, stage.projbucket} {
 385                 req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", bucket.URL("/"), nil)
 386                 c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
 387                 req.Header.Set("Authorization", "AWS "+arvadostest.ActiveTokenV2+":none")
 388                 req.URL.RawQuery = "versioning"
 389                 resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
 390                 c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 391                 c.Check(resp.Header.Get("Content-Type"), check.Equals, "application/xml")
 392                 buf, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
 393                 c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 394                 c.Check(string(buf), check.Equals, "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n<VersioningConfiguration xmlns=\"http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/\"/>\n")
 395         }
 396 }
 397
 398 // If there are no CommonPrefixes entries, the CommonPrefixes XML tag
 399 // should not appear at all.
 400 func (s *IntegrationSuite) TestS3ListNoCommonPrefixes(c *check.C) {
 401         stage := s.s3setup(c)
 402         defer stage.teardown(c)
 403
 404         req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", stage.collbucket.URL("/"), nil)
 405         c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 406         req.Header.Set("Authorization", "AWS "+arvadostest.ActiveTokenV2+":none")
 407         req.URL.RawQuery = "prefix=asdfasdfasdf&delimiter=/"
 408         resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
 409         c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 410         buf, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
 411         c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 412         c.Check(string(buf), check.Not(check.Matches), `(?ms).*CommonPrefixes.*`)
 413 }
 414
 415 // If there is no delimiter in the request, or the results are not
 416 // truncated, the NextMarker XML tag should not appear in the response
 417 // body.
 418 func (s *IntegrationSuite) TestS3ListNoNextMarker(c *check.C) {
 419         stage := s.s3setup(c)
 420         defer stage.teardown(c)
 421
 422         for _, query := range []string{"prefix=e&delimiter=/", ""} {
 423                 req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", stage.collbucket.URL("/"), nil)
 424                 c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 425                 req.Header.Set("Authorization", "AWS "+arvadostest.ActiveTokenV2+":none")
 426                 req.URL.RawQuery = query
 427                 resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
 428                 c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 429                 buf, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
 430                 c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 431                 c.Check(string(buf), check.Not(check.Matches), `(?ms).*NextMarker.*`)
 432         }
 433 }
 434
 435 func (s *IntegrationSuite) TestS3CollectionList(c *check.C) {
 436         stage := s.s3setup(c)
 437         defer stage.teardown(c)
 438
 439         var markers int
 440         for markers, s.testServer.Config.cluster.Collections.S3FolderObjects = range []bool{false, true} {
 441                 dirs := 2
 442                 filesPerDir := 1001
 443                 stage.writeBigDirs(c, dirs, filesPerDir)
 444                 // Total # objects is:
 445                 //                 2 file entries from s3setup (emptyfile and sailboat.txt)
 446                 //                +1 fake "directory" marker from s3setup (emptydir) (if enabled)
 447                 //             +dirs fake "directory" marker from writeBigDirs (dir0/, dir1/) (if enabled)
 448                 // +filesPerDir*dirs file entries from writeBigDirs (dir0/file0.txt, etc.)
 449                 s.testS3List(c, stage.collbucket, "", 4000, markers+2+(filesPerDir+markers)*dirs)
 450                 s.testS3List(c, stage.collbucket, "", 131, markers+2+(filesPerDir+markers)*dirs)
 451                 s.testS3List(c, stage.collbucket, "dir0/", 71, filesPerDir+markers)
 452         }
 453 }
 454 func (s *IntegrationSuite) testS3List(c *check.C, bucket *s3.Bucket, prefix string, pageSize, expectFiles int) {
 455         c.Logf("testS3List: prefix=%q pageSize=%d S3FolderObjects=%v", prefix, pageSize, s.testServer.Config.cluster.Collections.S3FolderObjects)
 456         expectPageSize := pageSize
 457         if expectPageSize > 1000 {
 458                 expectPageSize = 1000
 459         }
 460         gotKeys := map[string]s3.Key{}
 461         nextMarker := ""
 462         pages := 0
 463         for {
 464                 resp, err := bucket.List(prefix, "", nextMarker, pageSize)
 465                 if !c.Check(err, check.IsNil) {
 466                         break
 467                 }
 468                 c.Check(len(resp.Contents) <= expectPageSize, check.Equals, true)
 469                 if pages++; !c.Check(pages <= (expectFiles/expectPageSize)+1, check.Equals, true) {
 470                         break
 471                 }
 472                 for _, key := range resp.Contents {
 473                         gotKeys[key.Key] = key
 474                         if strings.Contains(key.Key, "sailboat.txt") {
 475                                 c.Check(key.Size, check.Equals, int64(4))
 476                         }
 477                 }
 478                 if !resp.IsTruncated {
 479                         c.Check(resp.NextMarker, check.Equals, "")
 480                         break
 481                 }
 482                 if !c.Check(resp.NextMarker, check.Not(check.Equals), "") {
 483                         break
 484                 }
 485                 nextMarker = resp.NextMarker
 486         }
 487         c.Check(len(gotKeys), check.Equals, expectFiles)
 488 }
 489
 490 func (s *IntegrationSuite) TestS3CollectionListRollup(c *check.C) {
 491         for _, s.testServer.Config.cluster.Collections.S3FolderObjects = range []bool{false, true} {
 492                 s.testS3CollectionListRollup(c)
 493         }
 494 }
 495
 496 func (s *IntegrationSuite) testS3CollectionListRollup(c *check.C) {
 497         stage := s.s3setup(c)
 498         defer stage.teardown(c)
 499
 500         dirs := 2
 501         filesPerDir := 500
 502         stage.writeBigDirs(c, dirs, filesPerDir)
 503         err := stage.collbucket.PutReader("dingbats", &bytes.Buffer{}, 0, "application/octet-stream", s3.Private, s3.Options{})
 504         c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 505         var allfiles []string
 506         for marker := ""; ; {
 507                 resp, err := stage.collbucket.List("", "", marker, 20000)
 508                 c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
 509                 for _, key := range resp.Contents {
 510                         if len(allfiles) == 0 || allfiles[len(allfiles)-1] != key.Key {
 511                                 allfiles = append(allfiles, key.Key)
 512                         }
 513                 }
 514                 marker = resp.NextMarker
 515                 if marker == "" {
 516                         break
 517                 }
 518         }
 519         markers := 0
 520         if s.testServer.Config.cluster.Collections.S3FolderObjects {
 521                 markers = 1
 522         }
 523         c.Check(allfiles, check.HasLen, dirs*(filesPerDir+markers)+3+markers)
 524
 525         gotDirMarker := map[string]bool{}
 526         for _, name := range allfiles {
 527                 isDirMarker := strings.HasSuffix(name, "/")
 528                 if markers == 0 {
 529                         c.Check(isDirMarker, check.Equals, false, check.Commentf("name %q", name))
 530                 } else if isDirMarker {
 531                         gotDirMarker[name] = true
 532                 } else if i := strings.LastIndex(name, "/"); i >= 0 {
 533                         c.Check(gotDirMarker[name[:i+1]], check.Equals, true, check.Commentf("name %q", name))
 534                         gotDirMarker[name[:i+1]] = true // skip redundant complaints about this dir marker
 535                 }
 536         }
 537
 538         for _, trial := range []struct {
 539                 prefix    string
 540                 delimiter string
 541                 marker    string
 542         }{
 543                 {"", "", ""},
 544                 {"di", "/", ""},
 545                 {"di", "r", ""},
 546                 {"di", "n", ""},
 547                 {"dir0", "/", ""},
 548                 {"dir0/", "/", ""},
 549                 {"dir0/f", "/", ""},
 550                 {"dir0", "", ""},
 551                 {"dir0/", "", ""},
 552                 {"dir0/f", "", ""},
 553                 {"dir0", "/", "dir0/file14.txt"},       // no commonprefixes
 554                 {"", "", "dir0/file14.txt"},            // middle page, skip walking dir1
 555                 {"", "", "dir1/file14.txt"},            // middle page, skip walking dir0
 556                 {"", "", "dir1/file498.txt"},           // last page of results
 557                 {"dir1/file", "", "dir1/file498.txt"},  // last page of results, with prefix
 558                 {"dir1/file", "/", "dir1/file498.txt"}, // last page of results, with prefix + delimiter
 559                 {"dir1", "Z", "dir1/file498.txt"},      // delimiter "Z" never appears
 560                 {"dir2", "/", ""},                      // prefix "dir2" does not exist
 561                 {"", "/", ""},
 562         } {
 563                 c.Logf("\n\n=== trial %+v markers=%d", trial, markers)
 564
 565                 maxKeys := 20
 566                 resp, err := stage.collbucket.List(trial.prefix, trial.delimiter, trial.marker, maxKeys)
 567                 c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
 568                 if resp.IsTruncated && trial.delimiter == "" {
 569                         // goamz List method fills in the missing
 570                         // NextMarker field if resp.IsTruncated, so
 571                         // now we can't really tell whether it was
 572                         // sent by the server or by goamz. In cases
 573                         // where it should be empty but isn't, assume
 574                         // it's goamz's fault.
 575                         resp.NextMarker = ""
 576                 }
 577
 578                 var expectKeys []string
 579                 var expectPrefixes []string
 580                 var expectNextMarker string
 581                 var expectTruncated bool
 582                 for _, key := range allfiles {
 583                         full := len(expectKeys)+len(expectPrefixes) >= maxKeys
 584                         if !strings.HasPrefix(key, trial.prefix) || key < trial.marker {
 585                                 continue
 586                         } else if idx := strings.Index(key[len(trial.prefix):], trial.delimiter); trial.delimiter != "" && idx >= 0 {
 587                                 prefix := key[:len(trial.prefix)+idx+1]
 588                                 if len(expectPrefixes) > 0 && expectPrefixes[len(expectPrefixes)-1] == prefix {
 589                                         // same prefix as previous key
 590                                 } else if full {
 591                                         expectNextMarker = key
 592                                         expectTruncated = true
 593                                 } else {
 594                                         expectPrefixes = append(expectPrefixes, prefix)
 595                                 }
 596                         } else if full {
 597                                 if trial.delimiter != "" {
 598                                         expectNextMarker = key
 599                                 }
 600                                 expectTruncated = true
 601                                 break
 602                         } else {
 603                                 expectKeys = append(expectKeys, key)
 604                         }
 605                 }
 606
 607                 var gotKeys []string
 608                 for _, key := range resp.Contents {
 609                         gotKeys = append(gotKeys, key.Key)
 610                 }
 611                 var gotPrefixes []string
 612                 for _, prefix := range resp.CommonPrefixes {
 613                         gotPrefixes = append(gotPrefixes, prefix)
 614                 }
 615                 commentf := check.Commentf("trial %+v markers=%d", trial, markers)
 616                 c.Check(gotKeys, check.DeepEquals, expectKeys, commentf)
 617                 c.Check(gotPrefixes, check.DeepEquals, expectPrefixes, commentf)
 618                 c.Check(resp.NextMarker, check.Equals, expectNextMarker, commentf)
 619                 c.Check(resp.IsTruncated, check.Equals, expectTruncated, commentf)
 620                 c.Logf("=== trial %+v keys %q prefixes %q nextMarker %q", trial, gotKeys, gotPrefixes, resp.NextMarker)
 621         }
 622 }