3 Rails is a web-application framework that includes everything needed to create
4 database-backed web applications according to the Model-View-Control pattern.
6 This pattern splits the view (also called the presentation) into "dumb"
7 templates that are primarily responsible for inserting pre-built data in between
8 HTML tags. The model contains the "smart" domain objects (such as Account,
9 Product, Person, Post) that holds all the business logic and knows how to
10 persist themselves to a database. The controller handles the incoming requests
11 (such as Save New Account, Update Product, Show Post) by manipulating the model
12 and directing data to the view.
14 In Rails, the model is handled by what's called an object-relational mapping
15 layer entitled Active Record. This layer allows you to present the data from
16 database rows as objects and embellish these data objects with business logic
17 methods. You can read more about Active Record in
18 link:files/vendor/rails/activerecord/README.html.
20 The controller and view are handled by the Action Pack, which handles both
21 layers by its two parts: Action View and Action Controller. These two layers
22 are bundled in a single package due to their heavy interdependence. This is
23 unlike the relationship between the Active Record and Action Pack that is much
24 more separate. Each of these packages can be used independently outside of
25 Rails. You can read more about Action Pack in
26 link:files/vendor/rails/actionpack/README.html.
31 1. At the command prompt, create a new Rails application:
32 <tt>rails new myapp</tt> (where <tt>myapp</tt> is the application name)
34 2. Change directory to <tt>myapp</tt> and start the web server:
35 <tt>cd myapp; rails server</tt> (run with --help for options)
37 3. Go to http://localhost:3000/ and you'll see:
38 "Welcome aboard: You're riding Ruby on Rails!"
40 4. Follow the guidelines to start developing your application. You can find
41 the following resources handy:
43 * The Getting Started Guide: http://guides.rubyonrails.org/getting_started.html
44 * Ruby on Rails Tutorial Book: http://www.railstutorial.org/
49 Sometimes your application goes wrong. Fortunately there are a lot of tools that
50 will help you debug it and get it back on the rails.
52 First area to check is the application log files. Have "tail -f" commands
53 running on the server.log and development.log. Rails will automatically display
54 debugging and runtime information to these files. Debugging info will also be
55 shown in the browser on requests from 127.0.0.1.
57 You can also log your own messages directly into the log file from your code
58 using the Ruby logger class from inside your controllers. Example:
60 class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
62 @weblog = Weblog.find(params[:id])
64 logger.info("#{Time.now} Destroyed Weblog ID ##{@weblog.id}!")
68 The result will be a message in your log file along the lines of:
70 Mon Oct 08 14:22:29 +1000 2007 Destroyed Weblog ID #1!
72 More information on how to use the logger is at http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/
74 Also, Ruby documentation can be found at http://www.ruby-lang.org/. There are
75 several books available online as well:
77 * Programming Ruby: http://www.ruby-doc.org/docs/ProgrammingRuby/ (Pickaxe)
78 * Learn to Program: http://pine.fm/LearnToProgram/ (a beginners guide)
80 These two books will bring you up to speed on the Ruby language and also on
81 programming in general.
86 Debugger support is available through the debugger command when you start your
87 Mongrel or WEBrick server with --debugger. This means that you can break out of
88 execution at any point in the code, investigate and change the model, and then,
89 resume execution! You need to install ruby-debug to run the server in debugging
90 mode. With gems, use <tt>sudo gem install ruby-debug</tt>. Example:
92 class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
99 So the controller will accept the action, run the first line, then present you
100 with a IRB prompt in the server window. Here you can do things like:
103 => "[#<Post:0x14a6be8
104 @attributes={"title"=>nil, "body"=>nil, "id"=>"1"}>,
106 @attributes={"title"=>"Rails", "body"=>"Only ten..", "id"=>"2"}>]"
107 >> @posts.first.title = "hello from a debugger"
108 => "hello from a debugger"
110 ...and even better, you can examine how your runtime objects actually work:
113 => #<Post:0x13630c4 @attributes={"title"=>nil, "body"=>nil, "id"=>"1"}>
115 Display all 152 possibilities? (y or n)
117 Finally, when you're ready to resume execution, you can enter "cont".
122 The console is a Ruby shell, which allows you to interact with your
123 application's domain model. Here you'll have all parts of the application
124 configured, just like it is when the application is running. You can inspect
125 domain models, change values, and save to the database. Starting the script
126 without arguments will launch it in the development environment.
128 To start the console, run <tt>rails console</tt> from the application
133 * Passing the <tt>-s, --sandbox</tt> argument will rollback any modifications
134 made to the database.
135 * Passing an environment name as an argument will load the corresponding
136 environment. Example: <tt>rails console production</tt>.
138 To reload your controllers and models after launching the console run
141 More information about irb can be found at:
142 link:http://www.rubycentral.org/pickaxe/irb.html
147 You can go to the command line of your database directly through <tt>rails
148 dbconsole</tt>. You would be connected to the database with the credentials
149 defined in database.yml. Starting the script without arguments will connect you
150 to the development database. Passing an argument will connect you to a different
151 database, like <tt>rails dbconsole production</tt>. Currently works for MySQL,
152 PostgreSQL and SQLite 3.
154 == Description of Contents
156 The default directory structure of a generated Ruby on Rails application:
197 Holds all the code that's specific to this particular application.
200 Contains subdirectories for images, stylesheets, and JavaScript files.
203 Holds controllers that should be named like weblogs_controller.rb for
204 automated URL mapping. All controllers should descend from
205 ApplicationController which itself descends from ActionController::Base.
208 Holds models that should be named like post.rb. Models descend from
209 ActiveRecord::Base by default.
212 Holds the template files for the view that should be named like
213 weblogs/index.html.erb for the WeblogsController#index action. All views use
214 eRuby syntax by default.
217 Holds the template files for layouts to be used with views. This models the
218 common header/footer method of wrapping views. In your views, define a layout
219 using the <tt>layout :default</tt> and create a file named default.html.erb.
220 Inside default.html.erb, call <% yield %> to render the view using this
224 Holds view helpers that should be named like weblogs_helper.rb. These are
225 generated for you automatically when using generators for controllers.
226 Helpers can be used to wrap functionality for your views into methods.
229 Configuration files for the Rails environment, the routing map, the database,
230 and other dependencies.
233 Contains the database schema in schema.rb. db/migrate contains all the
234 sequence of Migrations for your schema.
237 This directory is where your application documentation will be stored when
238 generated using <tt>rake doc:app</tt>
241 Application specific libraries. Basically, any kind of custom code that
242 doesn't belong under controllers, models, or helpers. This directory is in
246 The directory available for the web server. Also contains the dispatchers and the
247 default HTML files. This should be set as the DOCUMENT_ROOT of your web
251 Helper scripts for automation and generation.
254 Unit and functional tests along with fixtures. When using the rails generate
255 command, template test files will be generated for you and placed in this
259 External libraries that the application depends on. Also includes the plugins
260 subdirectory. If the app has frozen rails, those gems also go here, under
261 vendor/rails/. This directory is in the load path.