20846/18874: Update NodeJS/Yarn in debian12/ubuntu2204

20846/18874: Update NodeJS/Yarn in debian12/ubuntu2204

This applies the change from c4d4088d3e7f3e3f896ed0bb482560ab702d5465 to
the debian12 and ubuntu2204 package build Dockerfiles. It uses a
slightly different yarn install recipe to avoid the "double ln" and
associated layer, but the end result is the same.

Refs #18874, #20846. These branches were in development in parallel, so
the changes from the former weren't applied to the latter.

Arvados-DCO-1.1-Signed-off-by: Brett Smith <brett.smith@curii.com>