18870: Need to declare NODES as array
[arvados.git] / sdk / python / tests / test_arvfile.py
index 6c4976ee0de1633ca114423624f3ca6c1b9a3546..b45a592ecd0fbd1b1d4722bd63f6e1e0b25514dd 100644 (file)
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
+# Copyright (C) The Arvados Authors. All rights reserved.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 from __future__ import absolute_import
-import bz2
+from builtins import hex
+from builtins import str
+from builtins import range
+from builtins import object
 import datetime
-import gzip
-import io
 import mock
 import os
 import unittest
@@ -13,7 +16,7 @@ import time
 import arvados
 from arvados._ranges import Range
 from arvados.keep import KeepLocator
-from arvados.collection import Collection, CollectionReader
+from arvados.collection import Collection
 from arvados.arvfile import ArvadosFile, ArvadosFileReader
 
 from . import arvados_testutil as tutil
@@ -24,15 +27,15 @@ class ArvadosFileWriterTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         def __init__(self, blocks):
             self.blocks = blocks
             self.requests = []
-        def get(self, locator, num_retries=0):
+        def get(self, locator, num_retries=0, prefetch=False):
             self.requests.append(locator)
             return self.blocks.get(locator)
         def get_from_cache(self, locator):
             self.requests.append(locator)
             return self.blocks.get(locator)
-        def put(self, data, num_retries=None, copies=None):
+        def put(self, data, num_retries=None, copies=None, classes=[]):
             pdh = tutil.str_keep_locator(data)
-            self.blocks[pdh] = str(data)
+            self.blocks[pdh] = bytes(data)
             return pdh
 
     class MockApi(object):
@@ -64,27 +67,102 @@ class ArvadosFileWriterTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
     def test_truncate(self):
-        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": "0123456789"})
-        api = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi({"name":"test_truncate",
-                                                 "manifest_text":". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:8:count.txt\n",
-                                                 "replication_desired":None},
-                                                {"uuid":"zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0",
-                                                 "manifest_text":". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:8:count.txt\n",
-                                                 "portable_data_hash":"7fcd0eaac3aad4c31a6a0e756475da92+52"})
+        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({
+            "781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": b"0123456789",
+        })
+        api = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi({
+            "name": "test_truncate",
+            "manifest_text": ". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:8:count.txt\n",
+            "replication_desired": None,
+        }, {
+            "uuid": "zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0",
+            "manifest_text": ". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:8:count.txt\n",
+            "portable_data_hash":"7fcd0eaac3aad4c31a6a0e756475da92+52",
+        })
         with Collection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt\n',
-                             api_client=api, keep_client=keep) as c:
-            writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
+                        api_client=api, keep_client=keep) as c:
+            writer = c.open("count.txt", "rb+")
             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 10)
-            self.assertEqual("0123456789", writer.read(12))
+            self.assertEqual(b"0123456789", writer.read(12))
 
             writer.truncate(8)
 
             # Make sure reading off the end doesn't break
-            self.assertEqual("", writer.read(12))
+            self.assertEqual(b"", writer.read(12))
 
             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 8)
             writer.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
-            self.assertEqual("01234567", writer.read(12))
+            self.assertEqual(b"01234567", writer.read(12))
+
+            self.assertIsNone(c.manifest_locator())
+            self.assertTrue(c.modified())
+            c.save_new("test_truncate")
+            self.assertEqual("zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0", c.manifest_locator())
+            self.assertFalse(c.modified())
+
+
+    def test_truncate2(self):
+        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({
+            "781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": b"0123456789",
+        })
+        api = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi({
+            "name": "test_truncate2",
+            "manifest_text": ". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 7f614da9329cd3aebf59b91aadc30bf0+67108864 0:12:count.txt\n",
+            "replication_desired": None,
+        }, {
+            "uuid": "zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0",
+            "manifest_text": ". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 7f614da9329cd3aebf59b91aadc30bf0+67108864 0:12:count.txt\n",
+            "portable_data_hash": "272da898abdf86ddc71994835e3155f8+95",
+        })
+        with Collection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt\n',
+                        api_client=api, keep_client=keep) as c:
+            writer = c.open("count.txt", "rb+")
+            self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 10)
+            self.assertEqual(b"0123456789", writer.read(12))
+
+            # extend file size
+            writer.truncate(12)
+
+            self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 12)
+            writer.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
+            self.assertEqual(b"0123456789\x00\x00", writer.read(12))
+
+            self.assertIsNone(c.manifest_locator())
+            self.assertTrue(c.modified())
+            c.save_new("test_truncate2")
+            self.assertEqual("zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0", c.manifest_locator())
+            self.assertFalse(c.modified())
+
+    def test_truncate3(self):
+        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({
+            "781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": b"0123456789",
+            "a925576942e94b2ef57a066101b48876+10": b"abcdefghij",
+        })
+        api = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi({
+            "name": "test_truncate",
+            "manifest_text": ". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:8:count.txt\n",
+            "replication_desired": None,
+        }, {
+            "uuid": "zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0",
+            "manifest_text": ". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:8:count.txt\n",
+            "portable_data_hash": "7fcd0eaac3aad4c31a6a0e756475da92+52",
+        })
+        with Collection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 a925576942e94b2ef57a066101b48876+10 0:20:count.txt\n',
+                        api_client=api, keep_client=keep) as c:
+            writer = c.open("count.txt", "rb+")
+            self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 20)
+            self.assertEqual(b"0123456789ab", writer.read(12))
+            self.assertEqual(12, writer.tell())
+
+            writer.truncate(8)
+
+            # Make sure reading off the end doesn't break
+            self.assertEqual(12, writer.tell())
+            self.assertEqual(b"", writer.read(12))
+
+            self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 8)
+            self.assertEqual(2, writer.seek(-10, os.SEEK_CUR))
+            self.assertEqual(b"234567", writer.read(12))
 
             self.assertIsNone(c.manifest_locator())
             self.assertTrue(c.modified())
@@ -93,27 +171,32 @@ class ArvadosFileWriterTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertFalse(c.modified())
 
     def test_write_to_end(self):
-        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": "0123456789"})
-        api = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi({"name":"test_append",
-                                                 "manifest_text": ". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8+3 0:13:count.txt\n",
-                                                 "replication_desired":None},
-                                                {"uuid":"zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0",
-                                                 "manifest_text": ". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8+3 0:13:count.txt\n",
-                                                 "portable_data_hash":"c5c3af76565c8efb6a806546bcf073f3+88"})
+        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({
+            "781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": b"0123456789",
+        })
+        api = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi({
+            "name": "test_append",
+            "manifest_text": ". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8+3 0:13:count.txt\n",
+            "replication_desired": None,
+        }, {
+            "uuid": "zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0",
+            "manifest_text": ". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8+3 0:13:count.txt\n",
+            "portable_data_hash": "c5c3af76565c8efb6a806546bcf073f3+88",
+        })
         with Collection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt\n',
                              api_client=api, keep_client=keep) as c:
-            writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
+            writer = c.open("count.txt", "rb+")
             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 10)
 
-            writer.seek(5, os.SEEK_SET)
-            self.assertEqual("56789", writer.read(8))
+            self.assertEqual(5, writer.seek(5, os.SEEK_SET))
+            self.assertEqual(b"56789", writer.read(8))
 
             writer.seek(10, os.SEEK_SET)
             writer.write("foo")
             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 13)
 
             writer.seek(5, os.SEEK_SET)
-            self.assertEqual("56789foo", writer.read(8))
+            self.assertEqual(b"56789foo", writer.read(8))
 
             self.assertIsNone(c.manifest_locator())
             self.assertTrue(c.modified())
@@ -122,49 +205,75 @@ class ArvadosFileWriterTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             c.save_new("test_append")
             self.assertEqual("zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0", c.manifest_locator())
             self.assertFalse(c.modified())
-            self.assertEqual("foo", keep.get("acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8+3"))
+            self.assertEqual(b"foo", keep.get("acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8+3"))
 
 
     def test_append(self):
-        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": "0123456789"})
-        c = Collection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt\n', keep_client=keep)
-        writer = c.open("count.txt", "a+")
-        self.assertEqual(writer.read(20), "0123456789")
-        writer.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
+        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({
+            "781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": b"0123456789",
+        })
+        for (mode, convert) in (
+                ('a+', lambda data: data.decode(encoding='utf-8')),
+                ('at+', lambda data: data.decode(encoding='utf-8')),
+                ('ab+', lambda data: data)):
+            c = Collection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt\n', keep_client=keep)
+            writer = c.open("count.txt", mode)
+            self.assertEqual(writer.read(20), convert(b"0123456789"))
+
+            writer.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
+            writer.write(convert(b"hello"))
+            self.assertEqual(writer.read(), convert(b""))
+            if 'b' in mode:
+                writer.seek(-5, os.SEEK_CUR)
+                self.assertEqual(writer.read(3), convert(b"hel"))
+                self.assertEqual(writer.read(), convert(b"lo"))
+            else:
+                with self.assertRaises(IOError):
+                    writer.seek(-5, os.SEEK_CUR)
+                with self.assertRaises(IOError):
+                    writer.seek(-3, os.SEEK_END)
+            writer.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
+            writer.read(7)
+            self.assertEqual(7, writer.tell())
+            self.assertEqual(7, writer.seek(7, os.SEEK_SET))
 
-        writer.write("hello")
-        self.assertEqual(writer.read(20), "0123456789hello")
-        writer.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
+            writer.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
+            self.assertEqual(writer.read(), convert(b"0123456789hello"))
 
-        writer.write("world")
-        self.assertEqual(writer.read(20), "0123456789helloworld")
+            writer.seek(0)
+            writer.write(convert(b"world"))
+            self.assertEqual(writer.read(), convert(b""))
+            writer.seek(0)
+            self.assertEqual(writer.read(), convert(b"0123456789helloworld"))
 
-        self.assertEqual(". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 fc5e038d38a57032085441e7fe7010b0+10 0:20:count.txt\n", c.portable_manifest_text())
+            self.assertEqual(". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 fc5e038d38a57032085441e7fe7010b0+10 0:20:count.txt\n", c.portable_manifest_text())
 
     def test_write_at_beginning(self):
-        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": "0123456789"})
+        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({
+            "781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": b"0123456789",
+        })
         with Collection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt\n',
                              keep_client=keep) as c:
-            writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
-            self.assertEqual("0123456789", writer.readfrom(0, 13))
+            writer = c.open("count.txt", "rb+")
+            self.assertEqual(b"0123456789", writer.readfrom(0, 13))
             writer.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
             writer.write("foo")
             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 10)
-            self.assertEqual("foo3456789", writer.readfrom(0, 13))
+            self.assertEqual(b"foo3456789", writer.readfrom(0, 13))
             self.assertEqual(". acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8+3 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:3:count.txt 6:7:count.txt\n", c.portable_manifest_text())
 
     def test_write_empty(self):
         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({})
         with Collection(keep_client=keep) as c:
-            writer = c.open("count.txt", "w")
+            writer = c.open("count.txt", "wb")
             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 0)
             self.assertEqual(". d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e+0 0:0:count.txt\n", c.portable_manifest_text())
 
     def test_save_manifest_text(self):
         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({})
         with Collection(keep_client=keep) as c:
-            writer = c.open("count.txt", "w")
-            writer.write("0123456789")
+            writer = c.open("count.txt", "wb")
+            writer.write(b"0123456789")
             self.assertEqual('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt\n', c.portable_manifest_text())
             self.assertNotIn('781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10', keep.blocks)
 
@@ -174,7 +283,7 @@ class ArvadosFileWriterTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_get_manifest_text_commits(self):
          keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({})
          with Collection(keep_client=keep) as c:
-             writer = c.open("count.txt", "w")
+             writer = c.open("count.txt", "wb")
              writer.write("0123456789")
              self.assertEqual('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt\n', c.portable_manifest_text())
              self.assertNotIn('781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10', keep.blocks)
@@ -183,51 +292,51 @@ class ArvadosFileWriterTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
     def test_write_in_middle(self):
-        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": "0123456789"})
+        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": b"0123456789"})
         with Collection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt\n',
                              keep_client=keep) as c:
-            writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
-            self.assertEqual("0123456789", writer.readfrom(0, 13))
+            writer = c.open("count.txt", "rb+")
+            self.assertEqual(b"0123456789", writer.readfrom(0, 13))
             writer.seek(3, os.SEEK_SET)
             writer.write("foo")
             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 10)
-            self.assertEqual("012foo6789", writer.readfrom(0, 13))
+            self.assertEqual(b"012foo6789", writer.readfrom(0, 13))
             self.assertEqual(". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8+3 0:3:count.txt 10:3:count.txt 6:4:count.txt\n", c.portable_manifest_text())
 
     def test_write_at_end(self):
-        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": "0123456789"})
+        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": b"0123456789"})
         with Collection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt\n',
                              keep_client=keep) as c:
-            writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
-            self.assertEqual("0123456789", writer.readfrom(0, 13))
+            writer = c.open("count.txt", "rb+")
+            self.assertEqual(b"0123456789", writer.readfrom(0, 13))
             writer.seek(7, os.SEEK_SET)
             writer.write("foo")
             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 10)
-            self.assertEqual("0123456foo", writer.readfrom(0, 13))
+            self.assertEqual(b"0123456foo", writer.readfrom(0, 13))
             self.assertEqual(". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8+3 0:7:count.txt 10:3:count.txt\n", c.portable_manifest_text())
 
     def test_write_across_segment_boundary(self):
-        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": "0123456789"})
+        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": b"0123456789"})
         with Collection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt 0:10:count.txt\n',
                              keep_client=keep) as c:
-            writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
-            self.assertEqual("012345678901234", writer.readfrom(0, 15))
+            writer = c.open("count.txt", "rb+")
+            self.assertEqual(b"012345678901234", writer.readfrom(0, 15))
             writer.seek(7, os.SEEK_SET)
             writer.write("foobar")
             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 20)
-            self.assertEqual("0123456foobar34", writer.readfrom(0, 15))
+            self.assertEqual(b"0123456foobar34", writer.readfrom(0, 15))
             self.assertEqual(". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 3858f62230ac3c915f300c664312c63f+6 0:7:count.txt 10:6:count.txt 3:7:count.txt\n", c.portable_manifest_text())
 
     def test_write_across_several_segments(self):
-        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": "0123456789"})
+        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": b"0123456789"})
         with Collection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:4:count.txt 0:4:count.txt 0:4:count.txt',
                              keep_client=keep) as c:
-            writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
-            self.assertEqual("012301230123", writer.readfrom(0, 15))
+            writer = c.open("count.txt", "rb+")
+            self.assertEqual(b"012301230123", writer.readfrom(0, 15))
             writer.seek(2, os.SEEK_SET)
             writer.write("abcdefg")
             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 12)
-            self.assertEqual("01abcdefg123", writer.readfrom(0, 15))
+            self.assertEqual(b"01abcdefg123", writer.readfrom(0, 15))
             self.assertEqual(". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 7ac66c0f148de9519b8bd264312c4d64+7 0:2:count.txt 10:7:count.txt 1:3:count.txt\n", c.portable_manifest_text())
 
     def test_write_large(self):
@@ -240,9 +349,9 @@ class ArvadosFileWriterTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                                                  "portable_data_hash":"9132ca8e3f671c76103a38f5bc24328c+108"})
         with Collection('. ' + arvados.config.EMPTY_BLOCK_LOCATOR + ' 0:0:count.txt',
                              api_client=api, keep_client=keep) as c:
-            writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
+            writer = c.open("count.txt", "rb+")
             text = "0123456789" * 100
-            for b in xrange(0, 100000):
+            for b in range(0, 100000):
                 writer.write(text)
             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 100000000)
 
@@ -252,13 +361,12 @@ class ArvadosFileWriterTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual("zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0", c.manifest_locator())
             self.assertFalse(c.modified())
 
-
     def test_large_write(self):
         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({})
         api = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi({}, {})
         with Collection('. ' + arvados.config.EMPTY_BLOCK_LOCATOR + ' 0:0:count.txt',
                              api_client=api, keep_client=keep) as c:
-            writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
+            writer = c.open("count.txt", "rb+")
             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 0)
 
             text = "0123456789"
@@ -269,73 +377,140 @@ class ArvadosFileWriterTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
             self.assertEqual(c.manifest_text(), ". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 48dd23ea1645fd47d789804d71b5bb8e+67108864 77c57dc6ac5a10bb2205caaa73187994+32891126 0:100000000:count.txt\n")
 
+    def test_sparse_write(self):
+        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({})
+        api = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi({}, {})
+        with Collection('. ' + arvados.config.EMPTY_BLOCK_LOCATOR + ' 0:0:count.txt',
+                             api_client=api, keep_client=keep) as c:
+            writer = c.open("count.txt", "rb+")
+            self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 0)
+
+            text = b"0123456789"
+            writer.seek(2)
+            writer.write(text)
+            self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 12)
+            writer.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
+            self.assertEqual(writer.read(), b"\x00\x00"+text)
+
+            self.assertEqual(c.manifest_text(), ". 7f614da9329cd3aebf59b91aadc30bf0+67108864 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:2:count.txt 67108864:10:count.txt\n")
+
+    def test_sparse_write2(self):
+        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({})
+        api = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi({}, {})
+        with Collection('. ' + arvados.config.EMPTY_BLOCK_LOCATOR + ' 0:0:count.txt',
+                             api_client=api, keep_client=keep) as c:
+            writer = c.open("count.txt", "rb+")
+            self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 0)
+
+            text = "0123456789"
+            writer.seek((arvados.config.KEEP_BLOCK_SIZE*2) + 2)
+            writer.write(text)
+            self.assertEqual(writer.size(), (arvados.config.KEEP_BLOCK_SIZE*2) + 12)
+            writer.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
+
+            self.assertEqual(c.manifest_text(), ". 7f614da9329cd3aebf59b91aadc30bf0+67108864 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:67108864:count.txt 0:67108864:count.txt 0:2:count.txt 67108864:10:count.txt\n")
+
+    def test_sparse_write3(self):
+        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({})
+        api = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi({}, {})
+        for r in [[0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [4, 3, 2, 1, 0], [3, 2, 0, 4, 1]]:
+            with Collection() as c:
+                writer = c.open("count.txt", "rb+")
+                self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 0)
+
+                for i in r:
+                    w = ("%s" % i) * 10
+                    writer.seek(i*10)
+                    writer.write(w.encode())
+                writer.seek(0)
+                self.assertEqual(writer.read(), b"00000000001111111111222222222233333333334444444444")
+
+    def test_sparse_write4(self):
+        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({})
+        api = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi({}, {})
+        for r in [[0, 1, 2, 4], [4, 2, 1, 0], [2, 0, 4, 1]]:
+            with Collection() as c:
+                writer = c.open("count.txt", "rb+")
+                self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 0)
+
+                for i in r:
+                    w = ("%s" % i) * 10
+                    writer.seek(i*10)
+                    writer.write(w.encode())
+                writer.seek(0)
+                self.assertEqual(writer.read(), b"000000000011111111112222222222\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x004444444444")
+
     def test_rewrite_on_empty_file(self):
         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({})
         with Collection('. ' + arvados.config.EMPTY_BLOCK_LOCATOR + ' 0:0:count.txt',
                              keep_client=keep) as c:
-            writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
-            for b in xrange(0, 10):
+            writer = c.open("count.txt", "rb+")
+            for b in range(0, 10):
                 writer.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
                 writer.write("0123456789")
 
             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 10)
-            self.assertEqual("0123456789", writer.readfrom(0, 20))
+            self.assertEqual(b"0123456789", writer.readfrom(0, 20))
             self.assertEqual(". 7a08b07e84641703e5f2c836aa59a170+100 90:10:count.txt\n", c.portable_manifest_text())
             writer.flush()
             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 10)
-            self.assertEqual("0123456789", writer.readfrom(0, 20))
+            self.assertEqual(b"0123456789", writer.readfrom(0, 20))
             self.assertEqual(". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt\n", c.portable_manifest_text())
 
     def test_rewrite_append_existing_file(self):
-        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": "0123456789"})
+        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({
+            "781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": b"0123456789",
+        })
         with Collection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt',
                              keep_client=keep) as c:
-            writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
-            for b in xrange(0, 10):
+            writer = c.open("count.txt", "rb+")
+            for b in range(0, 10):
                 writer.seek(10, os.SEEK_SET)
                 writer.write("abcdefghij")
 
             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 20)
-            self.assertEqual("0123456789abcdefghij", writer.readfrom(0, 20))
+            self.assertEqual(b"0123456789abcdefghij", writer.readfrom(0, 20))
             self.assertEqual(". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 ae5f43bab79cf0be33f025fa97ae7398+100 0:10:count.txt 100:10:count.txt\n", c.portable_manifest_text())
 
             writer.arvadosfile.flush()
             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 20)
-            self.assertEqual("0123456789abcdefghij", writer.readfrom(0, 20))
+            self.assertEqual(b"0123456789abcdefghij", writer.readfrom(0, 20))
             self.assertEqual(". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 a925576942e94b2ef57a066101b48876+10 0:20:count.txt\n", c.portable_manifest_text())
 
     def test_rewrite_over_existing_file(self):
-        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": "0123456789"})
+        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({
+            "781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": b"0123456789",
+        })
         with Collection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt',
                              keep_client=keep) as c:
-            writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
-            for b in xrange(0, 10):
+            writer = c.open("count.txt", "rb+")
+            for b in range(0, 10):
                 writer.seek(5, os.SEEK_SET)
                 writer.write("abcdefghij")
 
             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 15)
-            self.assertEqual("01234abcdefghij", writer.readfrom(0, 20))
+            self.assertEqual(b"01234abcdefghij", writer.readfrom(0, 20))
             self.assertEqual(". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 ae5f43bab79cf0be33f025fa97ae7398+100 0:5:count.txt 100:10:count.txt\n", c.portable_manifest_text())
 
             writer.arvadosfile.flush()
 
             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 15)
-            self.assertEqual("01234abcdefghij", writer.readfrom(0, 20))
+            self.assertEqual(b"01234abcdefghij", writer.readfrom(0, 20))
             self.assertEqual(". 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 a925576942e94b2ef57a066101b48876+10 0:5:count.txt 10:10:count.txt\n", c.portable_manifest_text())
 
     def test_write_large_rewrite(self):
         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({})
         api = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi({"name":"test_write_large",
-                                                 "manifest_text": ". 37400a68af9abdd76ca5bf13e819e42a+32892003 a5de24f4417cfba9d5825eadc2f4ca49+67108000 32892000:3:count.txt 32892006:67107997:count.txt 0:32892000:count.txt\n",
+                                                 "manifest_text": ". 3dc0d4bc21f48060bedcb2c91af4f906+32892003 a5de24f4417cfba9d5825eadc2f4ca49+67108000 0:3:count.txt 32892006:67107997:count.txt 3:32892000:count.txt\n",
                                                  "replication_desired":None},
                                                 {"uuid":"zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0",
-                                                 "manifest_text": ". 37400a68af9abdd76ca5bf13e819e42a+32892003 a5de24f4417cfba9d5825eadc2f4ca49+67108000 32892000:3:count.txt 32892006:67107997:count.txt 0:32892000:count.txt\n",
+                                                 "manifest_text": ". 3dc0d4bc21f48060bedcb2c91af4f906+32892003 a5de24f4417cfba9d5825eadc2f4ca49+67108000 0:3:count.txt 32892006:67107997:count.txt 3:32892000:count.txt\n",
                                                  "portable_data_hash":"217665c6b713e1b78dfba7ebd42344db+156"})
         with Collection('. ' + arvados.config.EMPTY_BLOCK_LOCATOR + ' 0:0:count.txt',
                              api_client=api, keep_client=keep) as c:
-            writer = c.open("count.txt", "r+")
-            text = ''.join(["0123456789" for a in xrange(0, 100)])
-            for b in xrange(0, 100000):
+            writer = c.open("count.txt", "rb+")
+            text = b''.join([b"0123456789" for a in range(0, 100)])
+            for b in range(0, 100000):
                 writer.write(text)
             writer.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
             writer.write("foo")
@@ -349,14 +524,17 @@ class ArvadosFileWriterTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_create(self):
         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({})
-        api = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi({"name":"test_create",
-                                                 "manifest_text":". 2e9ec317e197819358fbc43afca7d837+8 0:8:count.txt\n",
-                                                 "replication_desired":None},
-                                                {"uuid":"zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0",
-                                                 "manifest_text":". 2e9ec317e197819358fbc43afca7d837+8 0:8:count.txt\n",
-                                                 "portable_data_hash":"7a461a8c58601798f690f8b368ac4423+51"})
+        api = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi({
+            "name":"test_create",
+            "manifest_text":". 2e9ec317e197819358fbc43afca7d837+8 0:8:count.txt\n",
+            "replication_desired":None,
+        }, {
+            "uuid":"zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0",
+            "manifest_text":". 2e9ec317e197819358fbc43afca7d837+8 0:8:count.txt\n",
+            "portable_data_hash":"7a461a8c58601798f690f8b368ac4423+51",
+        })
         with Collection(api_client=api, keep_client=keep) as c:
-            writer = c.open("count.txt", "w+")
+            writer = c.open("count.txt", "wb+")
             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 0)
             writer.write("01234567")
             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 8)
@@ -367,7 +545,7 @@ class ArvadosFileWriterTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             c.save_new("test_create")
             self.assertEqual("zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0", c.manifest_locator())
             self.assertFalse(c.modified())
-            self.assertEqual("01234567", keep.get("2e9ec317e197819358fbc43afca7d837+8"))
+            self.assertEqual(b"01234567", keep.get("2e9ec317e197819358fbc43afca7d837+8"))
 
 
     def test_create_subdir(self):
@@ -380,7 +558,7 @@ class ArvadosFileWriterTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                                                  "portable_data_hash":"1b02aaa62528d28a5be41651cbb9d7c7+59"})
         with Collection(api_client=api, keep_client=keep) as c:
             self.assertIsNone(c.api_response())
-            writer = c.open("foo/bar/count.txt", "w+")
+            writer = c.open("foo/bar/count.txt", "wb+")
             writer.write("01234567")
             self.assertFalse(c.committed())
             c.save_new("test_create")
@@ -397,7 +575,7 @@ class ArvadosFileWriterTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                                                  "portable_data_hash":"7a461a8c58601798f690f8b368ac4423+51"})
         with Collection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt\n',
                              api_client=api, keep_client=keep) as c:
-            writer = c.open("count.txt", "w+")
+            writer = c.open("count.txt", "wb+")
             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 0)
             writer.write("01234567")
             self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 8)
@@ -411,12 +589,12 @@ class ArvadosFileWriterTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_file_not_found(self):
         with Collection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt\n') as c:
             with self.assertRaises(IOError):
-                writer = c.open("nocount.txt", "r")
+                writer = c.open("nocount.txt", "rb")
 
     def test_cannot_open_directory(self):
         with Collection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count.txt\n') as c:
             with self.assertRaises(IOError):
-                writer = c.open(".", "r")
+                writer = c.open(".", "rb")
 
     def test_create_multiple(self):
         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({})
@@ -427,8 +605,8 @@ class ArvadosFileWriterTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                                                  "manifest_text":". 2e9ec317e197819358fbc43afca7d837+8 e8dc4081b13434b45189a720b77b6818+8 0:8:count1.txt 8:8:count2.txt\n",
                                                  "portable_data_hash":"71e7bb6c00d31fc2b4364199fd97be08+102"})
         with Collection(api_client=api, keep_client=keep) as c:
-            w1 = c.open("count1.txt", "w")
-            w2 = c.open("count2.txt", "w")
+            w1 = c.open("count1.txt", "wb")
+            w2 = c.open("count2.txt", "wb")
             w1.write("01234567")
             w2.write("abcdefgh")
             self.assertEqual(w1.size(), 8)
@@ -440,7 +618,7 @@ class ArvadosFileWriterTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             c.save_new("test_create_multiple")
             self.assertEqual("zzzzz-4zz18-mockcollection0", c.manifest_locator())
             self.assertFalse(c.modified())
-            self.assertEqual("01234567", keep.get("2e9ec317e197819358fbc43afca7d837+8"))
+            self.assertEqual(b"01234567", keep.get("2e9ec317e197819358fbc43afca7d837+8"))
 
 
 class ArvadosFileReaderTestCase(StreamFileReaderTestCase):
@@ -449,6 +627,7 @@ class ArvadosFileReaderTestCase(StreamFileReaderTestCase):
             def __init__(self, blocks, nocache):
                 self.blocks = blocks
                 self.nocache = nocache
+                self.num_get_threads = 1
 
             def block_prefetch(self, loc):
                 pass
@@ -474,39 +653,42 @@ class ArvadosFileReaderTestCase(StreamFileReaderTestCase):
         stream = []
         n = 0
         blocks = {}
-        for d in ['01234', '34567', '67890']:
+        for d in [b'01234', b'34567', b'67890']:
             loc = tutil.str_keep_locator(d)
             blocks[loc] = d
             stream.append(Range(loc, n, len(d)))
             n += len(d)
         af = ArvadosFile(ArvadosFileReaderTestCase.MockParent(blocks, nocache), "count.txt", stream=stream, segments=[Range(1, 0, 3), Range(6, 3, 3), Range(11, 6, 3)])
-        return ArvadosFileReader(af)
+        return ArvadosFileReader(af, mode="rb")
 
     def test_read_block_crossing_behavior(self):
         # read() needs to return all the data requested if possible, even if it
         # crosses uncached blocks: https://arvados.org/issues/5856
         sfile = self.make_count_reader(nocache=True)
-        self.assertEqual('12345678', sfile.read(8))
+        self.assertEqual(b'12345678', sfile.read(8))
 
     def test_successive_reads(self):
         # Override StreamFileReaderTestCase.test_successive_reads
         sfile = self.make_count_reader(nocache=True)
-        self.assertEqual('1234', sfile.read(4))
-        self.assertEqual('5678', sfile.read(4))
-        self.assertEqual('9', sfile.read(4))
-        self.assertEqual('', sfile.read(4))
+        self.assertEqual(b'1234', sfile.read(4))
+        self.assertEqual(b'5678', sfile.read(4))
+        self.assertEqual(b'9', sfile.read(4))
+        self.assertEqual(b'', sfile.read(4))
 
     def test_tell_after_block_read(self):
         # Override StreamFileReaderTestCase.test_tell_after_block_read
         sfile = self.make_count_reader(nocache=True)
-        self.assertEqual('12345678', sfile.read(8))
+        self.assertEqual(b'12345678', sfile.read(8))
         self.assertEqual(8, sfile.tell())
 
     def test_prefetch(self):
-        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"2e9ec317e197819358fbc43afca7d837+8": "01234567", "e8dc4081b13434b45189a720b77b6818+8": "abcdefgh"})
+        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({
+            "2e9ec317e197819358fbc43afca7d837+8": b"01234567",
+            "e8dc4081b13434b45189a720b77b6818+8": b"abcdefgh",
+        })
         with Collection(". 2e9ec317e197819358fbc43afca7d837+8 e8dc4081b13434b45189a720b77b6818+8 0:16:count.txt\n", keep_client=keep) as c:
-            r = c.open("count.txt", "r")
-            self.assertEqual("0123", r.read(4))
+            r = c.open("count.txt", "rb")
+            self.assertEqual(b"0123", r.read(4))
         self.assertIn("2e9ec317e197819358fbc43afca7d837+8", keep.requests)
         self.assertIn("e8dc4081b13434b45189a720b77b6818+8", keep.requests)
 
@@ -519,7 +701,7 @@ class ArvadosFileReaderTestCase(StreamFileReaderTestCase):
     def test__eq__from_writes(self):
         with Collection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count1.txt') as c1:
             with Collection() as c2:
-                f = c2.open("count1.txt", "w")
+                f = c2.open("count1.txt", "wb")
                 f.write("0123456789")
 
                 self.assertTrue(c1["count1.txt"] == c2["count1.txt"])
@@ -528,7 +710,7 @@ class ArvadosFileReaderTestCase(StreamFileReaderTestCase):
     def test__ne__(self):
         with Collection('. 781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10 0:10:count1.txt') as c1:
             with Collection() as c2:
-                f = c2.open("count1.txt", "w")
+                f = c2.open("count1.txt", "wb")
                 f.write("1234567890")
 
                 self.assertTrue(c1["count1.txt"] != c2["count1.txt"])
@@ -555,6 +737,7 @@ class ArvadosFileReadTestCase(unittest.TestCase, StreamRetryTestMixin):
         af = ArvadosFile(col, "test",
                          stream=stream,
                          segments=segments)
+        kwargs.setdefault('mode', 'rb')
         return ArvadosFileReader(af, **kwargs)
 
     def read_for_test(self, reader, byte_count, **kwargs):
@@ -568,17 +751,17 @@ class ArvadosFileReadFromTestCase(ArvadosFileReadTestCase):
 
 class ArvadosFileReadAllTestCase(ArvadosFileReadTestCase):
     def read_for_test(self, reader, byte_count, **kwargs):
-        return ''.join(reader.readall(**kwargs))
+        return b''.join(reader.readall(**kwargs))
 
 
 class ArvadosFileReadAllDecompressedTestCase(ArvadosFileReadTestCase):
     def read_for_test(self, reader, byte_count, **kwargs):
-        return ''.join(reader.readall_decompressed(**kwargs))
+        return b''.join(reader.readall_decompressed(**kwargs))
 
 
 class ArvadosFileReadlinesTestCase(ArvadosFileReadTestCase):
     def read_for_test(self, reader, byte_count, **kwargs):
-        return ''.join(reader.readlines(**kwargs))
+        return ''.join(reader.readlines(**kwargs)).encode()
 
 
 class ArvadosFileTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -608,13 +791,13 @@ class BlockManagerTest(unittest.TestCase):
             bufferblock.append("foo")
 
             self.assertEqual(bufferblock.size(), 3)
-            self.assertEqual(bufferblock.buffer_view[0:3], "foo")
+            self.assertEqual(bufferblock.buffer_view[0:3], b"foo")
             self.assertEqual(bufferblock.locator(), "acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8+3")
 
             bufferblock.append("bar")
 
             self.assertEqual(bufferblock.size(), 6)
-            self.assertEqual(bufferblock.buffer_view[0:6], "foobar")
+            self.assertEqual(bufferblock.buffer_view[0:6], b"foobar")
             self.assertEqual(bufferblock.locator(), "3858f62230ac3c915f300c664312c63f+6")
 
             bufferblock.set_state(arvados.arvfile._BufferBlock.PENDING)
@@ -628,7 +811,7 @@ class BlockManagerTest(unittest.TestCase):
             bufferblock.append("foo")
 
             self.assertEqual(bufferblock.size(), 3)
-            self.assertEqual(bufferblock.buffer_view[0:3], "foo")
+            self.assertEqual(bufferblock.buffer_view[0:3], b"foo")
             self.assertEqual(bufferblock.locator(), "acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8+3")
             bufferblock.set_state(arvados.arvfile._BufferBlock.PENDING)
 
@@ -638,27 +821,29 @@ class BlockManagerTest(unittest.TestCase):
             bufferblock2.append("bar")
 
             self.assertEqual(bufferblock2.size(), 6)
-            self.assertEqual(bufferblock2.buffer_view[0:6], "foobar")
+            self.assertEqual(bufferblock2.buffer_view[0:6], b"foobar")
             self.assertEqual(bufferblock2.locator(), "3858f62230ac3c915f300c664312c63f+6")
 
             self.assertEqual(bufferblock.size(), 3)
-            self.assertEqual(bufferblock.buffer_view[0:3], "foo")
+            self.assertEqual(bufferblock.buffer_view[0:3], b"foo")
             self.assertEqual(bufferblock.locator(), "acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8+3")
 
     def test_bufferblock_get(self):
-        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({"781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": "0123456789"})
+        keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({
+            "781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10": b"0123456789",
+        })
         with arvados.arvfile._BlockManager(keep) as blockmanager:
             bufferblock = blockmanager.alloc_bufferblock()
             bufferblock.append("foo")
 
-            self.assertEqual(blockmanager.get_block_contents("781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10", 1), "0123456789")
-            self.assertEqual(blockmanager.get_block_contents(bufferblock.blockid, 1), "foo")
+            self.assertEqual(blockmanager.get_block_contents("781e5e245d69b566979b86e28d23f2c7+10", 1), b"0123456789")
+            self.assertEqual(blockmanager.get_block_contents(bufferblock.blockid, 1), b"foo")
 
     def test_bufferblock_commit(self):
         mockkeep = mock.MagicMock()
         with arvados.arvfile._BlockManager(mockkeep) as blockmanager:
             bufferblock = blockmanager.alloc_bufferblock()
-            bufferblock.owner = mock.MagicMock()
+            bufferblock.owner = mock.MagicMock(spec=arvados.arvfile.ArvadosFile)
             def flush(sync=None):
                 blockmanager.commit_bufferblock(bufferblock, sync)
             bufferblock.owner.flush.side_effect = flush
@@ -672,7 +857,7 @@ class BlockManagerTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_bufferblock_commit_pending(self):
         # Test for bug #7225
         mockkeep = mock.MagicMock()
-        mockkeep.put.side_effect = lambda x: time.sleep(1)
+        mockkeep.put.side_effect = lambda *args, **kwargs: time.sleep(1)
         with arvados.arvfile._BlockManager(mockkeep) as blockmanager:
             bufferblock = blockmanager.alloc_bufferblock()
             bufferblock.append("foo")
@@ -683,13 +868,12 @@ class BlockManagerTest(unittest.TestCase):
             blockmanager.commit_bufferblock(bufferblock, True)
             self.assertEqual(bufferblock.state(), arvados.arvfile._BufferBlock.COMMITTED)
 
-
     def test_bufferblock_commit_with_error(self):
         mockkeep = mock.MagicMock()
         mockkeep.put.side_effect = arvados.errors.KeepWriteError("fail")
         with arvados.arvfile._BlockManager(mockkeep) as blockmanager:
             bufferblock = blockmanager.alloc_bufferblock()
-            bufferblock.owner = mock.MagicMock()
+            bufferblock.owner = mock.MagicMock(spec=arvados.arvfile.ArvadosFile)
             def flush(sync=None):
                 blockmanager.commit_bufferblock(bufferblock, sync)
             bufferblock.owner.flush.side_effect = flush