4823: Add Collection.copy tests
[arvados.git] / sdk / python / arvados / arvfile.py
index ca2499052d0f6625f64611f66cb71510108be57c..fb761e24e5c8afa58be7eb974a0519f4f7f76d40 100644 (file)
@@ -4,6 +4,13 @@ import zlib
 import bz2
 from .ranges import *
 from arvados.retry import retry_method
+import config
+import hashlib
+import hashlib
+import threading
+import Queue
+import copy
+import errno
 
 def split(path):
     """split(path) -> streamname, filename
@@ -149,6 +156,15 @@ class ArvadosFileReaderBase(ArvadosFileBase):
                 break
         return ''.join(data).splitlines(True)
 
+    def size(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def read(self, size, num_retries=None):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def readfrom(self, start, size, num_retries=None):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
 
 class StreamFileReader(ArvadosFileReaderBase):
     def __init__(self, stream, segments, name):
@@ -202,87 +218,578 @@ class StreamFileReader(ArvadosFileReaderBase):
         return " ".join(normalize_stream(".", {self.name: segs})) + "\n"
 
 
-class ArvadosFile(object):
-    def __init__(self, stream, segments):
-        # TODO: build segments list
-        self.segments = []
+class BufferBlock(object):
+    """
+    A BufferBlock is a stand-in for a Keep block that is in the process of being
+    written.  Writers can append to it, get the size, and compute the Keep locator.
 
-    def truncate(self, size):
+    There are three valid states:
+
+    WRITABLE
+      Can append to block.
+
+    PENDING
+      Block is in the process of being uploaded to Keep, append is an error.
+
+    COMMITTED
+      The block has been written to Keep, its internal buffer has been
+      released, fetching the block will fetch it via keep client (since we
+      discarded the internal copy), and identifiers referring to the BufferBlock
+      can be replaced with the block locator.
+    """
+    WRITABLE = 0
+    PENDING = 1
+    COMMITTED = 2
+
+    def __init__(self, blockid, starting_capacity, owner):
+        """
+        :blockid:
+          the identifier for this block
+
+        :starting_capacity:
+          the initial buffer capacity
+
+        :owner:
+          ArvadosFile that owns this block
+        """
+        self.blockid = blockid
+        self.buffer_block = bytearray(starting_capacity)
+        self.buffer_view = memoryview(self.buffer_block)
+        self.write_pointer = 0
+        self.state = BufferBlock.WRITABLE
+        self._locator = None
+        self.owner = owner
+
+    def append(self, data):
+        """
+        Append some data to the buffer.  Only valid if the block is in WRITABLE
+        state.  Implements an expanding buffer, doubling capacity as needed to
+        accomdate all the data.
+        """
+        if self.state == BufferBlock.WRITABLE:
+            while (self.write_pointer+len(data)) > len(self.buffer_block):
+                new_buffer_block = bytearray(len(self.buffer_block) * 2)
+                new_buffer_block[0:self.write_pointer] = self.buffer_block[0:self.write_pointer]
+                self.buffer_block = new_buffer_block
+                self.buffer_view = memoryview(self.buffer_block)
+            self.buffer_view[self.write_pointer:self.write_pointer+len(data)] = data
+            self.write_pointer += len(data)
+            self._locator = None
+        else:
+            raise AssertionError("Buffer block is not writable")
+
+    def size(self):
+        """Amount of data written to the buffer"""
+        return self.write_pointer
+
+    def locator(self):
+        """The Keep locator for this buffer's contents."""
+        if self._locator is None:
+            self._locator = "%s+%i" % (hashlib.md5(self.buffer_view[0:self.write_pointer]).hexdigest(), self.size())
+        return self._locator
+
+
+class AsyncKeepWriteErrors(Exception):
+    """
+    Roll up one or more Keep write exceptions (generated by background
+    threads) into a single one.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, errors):
+        self.errors = errors
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "\n".join(self.errors)
+
+def _synchronized(orig_func):
+    @functools.wraps(orig_func)
+    def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        with self.lock:
+            return orig_func(self, *args, **kwargs)
+    return wrapper
+
+class NoopLock(object):
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
+        pass
+
+    def acquire(self, blocking=False):
         pass
-        # TODO: fixme
-
-        # segs = locators_and_ranges(self.segments, 0, size)
-
-        # newstream = []
-        # self.segments = []
-        # streamoffset = 0L
-        # fileoffset = 0L
-
-        # for seg in segs:
-        #     for locator, blocksize, segmentoffset, segmentsize in locators_and_ranges(self._stream._data_locators, seg.locator+seg.range_start, seg[SEGMENTSIZE]):
-        #         newstream.append([locator, blocksize, streamoffset])
-        #         self.segments.append([streamoffset+segmentoffset, segmentsize, fileoffset])
-        #         streamoffset += blocksize
-        #         fileoffset += segmentsize
-        # if len(newstream) == 0:
-        #     newstream.append(config.EMPTY_BLOCK_LOCATOR)
-        #     self.segments.append([0, 0, 0])
-        # self._stream._data_locators = newstream
-        # if self._filepos > fileoffset:
-        #     self._filepos = fileoffset
-
-    def readfrom(self, offset, data):
+
+    def release(self):
         pass
 
-    def writeto(self, offset, data):
+SYNC_READONLY = 1
+SYNC_EXPLICIT = 2
+SYNC_LIVE = 3
+
+def _must_be_writable(orig_func):
+    # Decorator for methods that read actual Collection data.
+    @functools.wraps(orig_func)
+    def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if self.sync_mode() == SYNC_READONLY:
+            raise IOError((errno.EROFS, "Collection is read only"))
+        return orig_func(self, *args, **kwargs)
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class BlockManager(object):
+    """
+    BlockManager handles buffer blocks, background block uploads, and
+    background block prefetch for a Collection of ArvadosFiles.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, keep):
+        """keep: KeepClient object to use"""
+        self._keep = keep
+        self._bufferblocks = {}
+        self._put_queue = None
+        self._put_errors = None
+        self._put_threads = None
+        self._prefetch_queue = None
+        self._prefetch_threads = None
+        self.lock = threading.Lock()
+        self.prefetch_enabled = True
+        self.num_put_threads = 2
+        self.num_get_threads = 2
+
+    @_synchronized
+    def alloc_bufferblock(self, blockid=None, starting_capacity=2**14, owner=None):
+        """
+        Allocate a new, empty bufferblock in WRITABLE state and return it.
+
+        :blockid:
+          optional block identifier, otherwise one will be automatically assigned
+
+        :starting_capacity:
+          optional capacity, otherwise will use default capacity
+
+        :owner:
+          ArvadosFile that owns this block
+        """
+        if blockid is None:
+            blockid = "bufferblock%i" % len(self._bufferblocks)
+        bb = BufferBlock(blockid, starting_capacity=starting_capacity, owner=owner)
+        self._bufferblocks[bb.blockid] = bb
+        return bb
+
+    @_synchronized
+    def dup_block(self, blockid, owner):
+        """
+        Create a new bufferblock in WRITABLE state, initialized with the content of an existing bufferblock.
+
+        :blockid:
+          the block to copy.  May be an existing buffer block id.
+
+        :owner:
+          ArvadosFile that owns the new block
+        """
+        new_blockid = "bufferblock%i" % len(self._bufferblocks)
+        block = self._bufferblocks[blockid]
+        bb = BufferBlock(new_blockid, len(block), owner)
+        bb.append(block)
+        self._bufferblocks[bb.blockid] = bb
+        return bb
+
+    @_synchronized
+    def is_bufferblock(self, id):
+        return id in self._bufferblocks
+
+    @_synchronized
+    def stop_threads(self):
+        """
+        Shut down and wait for background upload and download threads to finish.
+        """
+        if self._put_threads is not None:
+            for t in self._put_threads:
+                self._put_queue.put(None)
+            for t in self._put_threads:
+                t.join()
+        self._put_threads = None
+        self._put_queue = None
+        self._put_errors = None
+
+        if self._prefetch_threads is not None:
+            for t in self._prefetch_threads:
+                self._prefetch_queue.put(None)
+            for t in self._prefetch_threads:
+                t.join()
+        self._prefetch_threads = None
+        self._prefetch_queue = None
+
+    def commit_bufferblock(self, block):
+        """
+        Initiate a background upload of a bufferblock.  This will block if the
+        upload queue is at capacity, otherwise it will return immediately.
+        """
+
+        def worker(self):
+            """
+            Background uploader thread.
+            """
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    b = self._put_queue.get()
+                    if b is None:
+                        return
+                    b._locator = self._keep.put(b.buffer_view[0:b.write_pointer].tobytes())
+                    b.state = BufferBlock.COMMITTED
+                    b.buffer_view = None
+                    b.buffer_block = None
+                except Exception as e:
+                    print e
+                    self._put_errors.put(e)
+                finally:
+                    if self._put_queue is not None:
+                        self._put_queue.task_done()
+
+        with self.lock:
+            if self._put_threads is None:
+                # Start uploader threads.
+
+                # If we don't limit the Queue size, the upload queue can quickly
+                # grow to take up gigabytes of RAM if the writing process is
+                # generating data more quickly than it can be send to the Keep
+                # servers.
+                #
+                # With two upload threads and a queue size of 2, this means up to 4
+                # blocks pending.  If they are full 64 MiB blocks, that means up to
+                # 256 MiB of internal buffering, which is the same size as the
+                # default download block cache in KeepClient.
+                self._put_queue = Queue.Queue(maxsize=2)
+                self._put_errors = Queue.Queue()
+
+                self._put_threads = []
+                for i in xrange(0, self.num_put_threads):
+                    t = threading.Thread(target=worker, args=(self,))
+                    self._put_threads.append(t)
+                    t.daemon = True
+                    t.start()
+
+        # Mark the block as PENDING so to disallow any more appends.
+        block.state = BufferBlock.PENDING
+        self._put_queue.put(block)
+
+    def get_block(self, locator, num_retries, cache_only=False):
+        """
+        Fetch a block.  First checks to see if the locator is a BufferBlock and
+        return that, if not, passes the request through to KeepClient.get().
+        """
+        with self.lock:
+            if locator in self._bufferblocks:
+                bb = self._bufferblocks[locator]
+                if bb.state != BufferBlock.COMMITTED:
+                    return bb.buffer_view[0:bb.write_pointer].tobytes()
+                else:
+                    locator = bb._locator
+        return self._keep.get(locator, num_retries=num_retries, cache_only=cache_only)
+
+    def commit_all(self):
+        """
+        Commit all outstanding buffer blocks.  Unlike commit_bufferblock(), this
+        is a synchronous call, and will not return until all buffer blocks are
+        uploaded.  Raises AsyncKeepWriteErrors() if any blocks failed to
+        upload.
+        """
+        with self.lock:
+            items = self._bufferblocks.items()
+
+        for k,v in items:
+            if v.state == BufferBlock.WRITABLE:
+                self.commit_bufferblock(v)
+
+        with self.lock:
+            if self._put_queue is not None:
+                self._put_queue.join()
+                if not self._put_errors.empty():
+                    e = []
+                    try:
+                        while True:
+                            e.append(self._put_errors.get(False))
+                    except Queue.Empty:
+                        pass
+                    raise AsyncKeepWriteErrors(e)
+
+    def block_prefetch(self, locator):
+        """
+        Initiate a background download of a block.  This assumes that the
+        underlying KeepClient implements a block cache, so repeated requests
+        for the same block will not result in repeated downloads (unless the
+        block is evicted from the cache.)  This method does not block.
+        """
+
+        if not self.prefetch_enabled:
+            return
+
+        def worker(self):
+            """Background downloader thread."""
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    b = self._prefetch_queue.get()
+                    if b is None:
+                        return
+                    self._keep.get(b)
+                except:
+                    pass
+
+        with self.lock:
+            if locator in self._bufferblocks:
+                return
+            if self._prefetch_threads is None:
+                self._prefetch_queue = Queue.Queue()
+                self._prefetch_threads = []
+                for i in xrange(0, self.num_get_threads):
+                    t = threading.Thread(target=worker, args=(self,))
+                    self._prefetch_threads.append(t)
+                    t.daemon = True
+                    t.start()
+        self._prefetch_queue.put(locator)
+
+
+class ArvadosFile(object):
+    """
+    ArvadosFile manages the underlying representation of a file in Keep as a sequence of
+    segments spanning a set of blocks, and implements random read/write access.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, parent, stream=[], segments=[]):
+        """
+        :stream:
+          a list of Range objects representing a block stream
+
+        :segments:
+          a list of Range objects representing segments
+        """
+        self.parent = parent
+        self._modified = True
+        self._segments = []
+        for s in segments:
+            self._add_segment(stream, s.locator, s.range_size)
+        self._current_bblock = None
+        if parent.sync_mode() == SYNC_READONLY:
+            self.lock = NoopLock()
+        else:
+            self.lock = threading.Lock()
+
+    def sync_mode(self):
+        return self.parent.sync_mode()
+
+    @_synchronized
+    def segments(self):
+        return copy.copy(self._segments)
+
+    @_synchronized
+    def clone(self, new_parent):
+        """Make a copy of this file."""
+        cp = ArvadosFile(new_parent)
+        cp._modified = False
+
+        map_loc = {}
+        for r in self._segments:
+            new_loc = r.locator
+            if self.parent._my_block_manager().is_bufferblock(r.locator):
+                if r.locator not in map_loc:
+                    map_loc[r.locator] = self.parent._my_block_manager().dup_block(r.locator, cp).blockid
+                new_loc = map_loc[r.locator]
+
+            cp._segments.append(Range(new_loc, r.range_start, r.range_size, r.segment_offset))
+
+        return cp
+
+    @_synchronized
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if type(other) != ArvadosFile:
+            return False
+        return self._segments == other.segments()
+
+    def __neq__(self, other):
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    @_synchronized
+    def set_unmodified(self):
+        """Clear the modified flag"""
+        self._modified = False
+
+    @_synchronized
+    def modified(self):
+        """Test the modified flag"""
+        return self._modified
+
+    @_must_be_writable
+    @_synchronized
+    def truncate(self, size):
+        """
+        Adjust the size of the file.  If `size` is less than the size of the file,
+        the file contents after `size` will be discarded.  If `size` is greater
+        than the current size of the file, an IOError will be raised.
+        """
+        if size < self._size():
+            new_segs = []
+            for r in self._segments:
+                range_end = r.range_start+r.range_size
+                if r.range_start >= size:
+                    # segment is past the trucate size, all done
+                    break
+                elif size < range_end:
+                    nr = Range(r.locator, r.range_start, size - r.range_start)
+                    nr.segment_offset = r.segment_offset
+                    new_segs.append(nr)
+                    break
+                else:
+                    new_segs.append(r)
+
+            self._segments = new_segs
+            self._modified = True
+        elif size > self._size():
+            raise IOError("truncate() does not support extending the file size")
+
+    @_synchronized
+    def readfrom(self, offset, size, num_retries):
+        """
+        read upto `size` bytes from the file starting at `offset`.
+        """
+        if size == 0 or offset >= self._size():
+            return ''
+        data = []
+
+        for lr in locators_and_ranges(self._segments, offset, size + config.KEEP_BLOCK_SIZE):
+            self.parent._my_block_manager().block_prefetch(lr.locator)
+
+        for lr in locators_and_ranges(self._segments, offset, size):
+            d = self.parent._my_block_manager().get_block(lr.locator, num_retries=num_retries, cache_only=bool(data))
+            if d:
+                data.append(d[lr.segment_offset:lr.segment_offset+lr.segment_size])
+            else:
+                break
+        return ''.join(data)
+
+    def _repack_writes(self):
+        """
+        Test if the buffer block has more data than is referenced by actual segments
+        (this happens when a buffered write over-writes a file range written in
+        a previous buffered write).  Re-pack the buffer block for efficiency
+        and to avoid leaking information.
+        """
+        segs = self._segments
+
+        # Sum up the segments to get the total bytes of the file referencing
+        # into the buffer block.
+        bufferblock_segs = [s for s in segs if s.locator == self._current_bblock.blockid]
+        write_total = sum([s.range_size for s in bufferblock_segs])
+
+        if write_total < self._current_bblock.size():
+            # There is more data in the buffer block than is actually accounted for by segments, so
+            # re-pack into a new buffer by copying over to a new buffer block.
+            new_bb = self.parent._my_block_manager().alloc_bufferblock(self._current_bblock.blockid, starting_capacity=write_total, owner=self)
+            for t in bufferblock_segs:
+                new_bb.append(self._current_bblock.buffer_view[t.segment_offset:t.segment_offset+t.range_size].tobytes())
+                t.segment_offset = new_bb.size() - t.range_size
+
+            self._current_bblock = new_bb
+
+    @_must_be_writable
+    @_synchronized
+    def writeto(self, offset, data, num_retries):
+        """
+        Write `data` to the file starting at `offset`.  This will update
+        existing bytes and/or extend the size of the file as necessary.
+        """
+        if len(data) == 0:
+            return
+
         if offset > self._size():
             raise ArgumentError("Offset is past the end of the file")
-        # TODO: fixme
-        # self._stream._append(data)
-        # replace_range(self.segments, self._filepos, len(data), self._stream._size()-len(data))
 
-    def flush(self):
-        pass
+        if len(data) > config.KEEP_BLOCK_SIZE:
+            raise ArgumentError("Please append data in chunks smaller than %i bytes (config.KEEP_BLOCK_SIZE)" % (config.KEEP_BLOCK_SIZE))
+
+        self._modified = True
+
+        if self._current_bblock is None or self._current_bblock.state != BufferBlock.WRITABLE:
+            self._current_bblock = self.parent._my_block_manager().alloc_bufferblock(owner=self)
+
+        if (self._current_bblock.size() + len(data)) > config.KEEP_BLOCK_SIZE:
+            self._repack_writes()
+            if (self._current_bblock.size() + len(data)) > config.KEEP_BLOCK_SIZE:
+                self.parent._my_block_manager().commit_bufferblock(self._current_bblock)
+                self._current_bblock = self.parent._my_block_manager().alloc_bufferblock(owner=self)
+
+        self._current_bblock.append(data)
+
+        replace_range(self._segments, offset, len(data), self._current_bblock.blockid, self._current_bblock.write_pointer - len(data))
 
+    @_must_be_writable
+    @_synchronized
     def add_segment(self, blocks, pos, size):
+        # Synchronized public api, see _add_segment
+        self._add_segment(blocks, pos, size)
+
+    def _add_segment(self, blocks, pos, size):
+        """
+        Add a segment to the end of the file, with `pos` and `offset` referencing a
+        section of the stream described by `blocks` (a list of Range objects)
+        """
+        self._modified = True
         for lr in locators_and_ranges(blocks, pos, size):
-            last = self.segments[-1] if self.segments else Range(0, 0, 0)
-            r = Range(lr.locator, last.range_start+last.range_size, lr.segment_size)
-            r.block_size = lr.block_size
-            r.segment_offset = lr.segment_offset
-            self.segments.append(r)
+            last = self._segments[-1] if self._segments else Range(0, 0, 0)
+            r = Range(lr.locator, last.range_start+last.range_size, lr.segment_size, lr.segment_offset)
+            self._segments.append(r)
+
+    def _size(self):
+        """Get the file size"""
+        if self._segments:
+            n = self._segments[-1]
+            return n.range_start + n.range_size
+        else:
+            return 0
 
+    @_synchronized
+    def size(self):
+        """Get the file size"""
+        return self._size()
 
 class ArvadosFileReader(ArvadosFileReaderBase):
-    def __init__(self, arvadosfile, name, mode='rb'):
-        super(ArvadosFileReader, self).__init__(name)
+    def __init__(self, arvadosfile, name, mode="r", num_retries=None):
+        super(ArvadosFileReader, self).__init__(name, mode, num_retries=num_retries)
         self.arvadosfile = arvadosfile
 
     def size(self):
-        n = self.segments[-1]
-        return n.range_start + n.range_size
+        return self.arvadosfile.size()
 
     @ArvadosFileBase._before_close
     @retry_method
     def read(self, size, num_retries=None):
-        """Read up to 'size' bytes from the stream, starting at the current file position"""
-        if size == 0:
-            return ''
-
-        data = self.arvadosfile.readfrom(self._filepos, size)
+        """Read up to `size` bytes from the stream, starting at the current file position"""
+        data = self.arvadosfile.readfrom(self._filepos, size, num_retries=num_retries)
         self._filepos += len(data)
         return data
 
+    @ArvadosFileBase._before_close
+    @retry_method
+    def readfrom(self, offset, size, num_retries=None):
+        """Read up to `size` bytes from the stream, starting at the current file position"""
+        return self.arvadosfile.readfrom(offset, size, num_retries)
+
+    def flush(self):
+        pass
+
 
 class ArvadosFileWriter(ArvadosFileReader):
-    def __init__(self, arvadosfile, name):
-        super(ArvadosFileWriter, self).__init__(arvadosfile, name, mode='wb')
+    def __init__(self, arvadosfile, name, mode, num_retries=None):
+        super(ArvadosFileWriter, self).__init__(arvadosfile, name, mode, num_retries=num_retries)
 
-    def write(self, data):
-        self.arvadosfile.writeto(self._filepos, data)
-        self._filepos += len(data)
+    @ArvadosFileBase._before_close
+    @retry_method
+    def write(self, data, num_retries=None):
+        if self.mode[0] == "a":
+            self.arvadosfile.writeto(self.size(), data)
+        else:
+            self.arvadosfile.writeto(self._filepos, data, num_retries)
+            self._filepos += len(data)
 
-    def writelines(self, seq):
+    @ArvadosFileBase._before_close
+    @retry_method
+    def writelines(self, seq, num_retries=None):
         for s in seq:
             self.write(s)
 
@@ -290,3 +797,5 @@ class ArvadosFileWriter(ArvadosFileReader):
         if size is None:
             size = self._filepos
         self.arvadosfile.truncate(size)
+        if self._filepos > self.size():
+            self._filepos = self.size()