Merge branch 'master' into 6518-crunch2-dispatch-slurm
[arvados.git] / sdk / python / arvados / collection.py
index 6d5dd4ff15c7e3b7aba62acb0ba1f4278d16f1c7..8450bd1ca086687928c43e09b2d497ae598c5128 100644 (file)
@@ -3,14 +3,17 @@ import logging
 import os
 import re
 import errno
+import hashlib
 import time
+import threading
 
 from collections import deque
 from stat import *
 
-from .arvfile import split, _FileLikeObjectBase, ArvadosFile, ArvadosFileWriter, ArvadosFileReader, _BlockManager, synchronized, must_be_writable, SYNC_READONLY, SYNC_EXPLICIT, NoopLock
-from keep import *
-from .stream import StreamReader, normalize_stream
+from .arvfile import split, _FileLikeObjectBase, ArvadosFile, ArvadosFileWriter, ArvadosFileReader, _BlockManager, synchronized, must_be_writable, NoopLock
+from keep import KeepLocator, KeepClient
+from .stream import StreamReader
+from ._normalize_stream import normalize_stream
 from ._ranges import Range, LocatorAndRange
 from .safeapi import ThreadSafeApiCache
 import config
@@ -35,7 +38,8 @@ class CollectionBase(object):
         return self._keep_client
 
     def stripped_manifest(self):
-        """
+        """Get the manifest with locator hints stripped.
+
         Return the manifest for the current collection with all
         non-portable hints (i.e., permission signatures and other
         hints other than size hints) removed from the locators.
@@ -466,13 +470,15 @@ class ResumableCollectionWriter(CollectionWriter):
                 "resumable writer can't accept unsourced data")
         return super(ResumableCollectionWriter, self).write(data)
 
+
 ADD = "add"
 DEL = "del"
 MOD = "mod"
+TOK = "tok"
 FILE = "file"
 COLLECTION = "collection"
 
-class SynchronizedCollectionBase(CollectionBase):
+class RichCollectionBase(CollectionBase):
     """Base class for Collections and Subcollections.
 
     Implements the majority of functionality relating to accessing items in the
@@ -482,7 +488,8 @@ class SynchronizedCollectionBase(CollectionBase):
 
     def __init__(self, parent=None):
         self.parent = parent
-        self._modified = True
+        self._committed = False
+        self._callback = None
         self._items = {}
 
     def _my_api(self):
@@ -494,7 +501,7 @@ class SynchronizedCollectionBase(CollectionBase):
     def _my_block_manager(self):
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
-    def sync_mode(self):
+    def writable(self):
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
     def root_collection(self):
@@ -517,42 +524,39 @@ class SynchronizedCollectionBase(CollectionBase):
         the path.
 
         :create_type:
-          One of `arvado.collection.FILE` or
-          `arvado.collection.COLLECTION`.  If the path is not found, and value
+          One of `arvados.collection.FILE` or
+          `arvados.collection.COLLECTION`.  If the path is not found, and value
           of create_type is FILE then create and return a new ArvadosFile for
           the last path component.  If COLLECTION, then create and return a new
           Collection for the last path component.
 
         """
 
-        pathcomponents = path.split("/")
-
-        if pathcomponents and pathcomponents[0]:
+        pathcomponents = path.split("/", 1)
+        if pathcomponents[0]:
             item = self._items.get(pathcomponents[0])
             if len(pathcomponents) == 1:
-                # item must be a file
                 if item is None:
                     # create new file
                     if create_type == COLLECTION:
-                        item = Subcollection(self)
+                        item = Subcollection(self, pathcomponents[0])
                     else:
-                        item = ArvadosFile(self)
+                        item = ArvadosFile(self, pathcomponents[0])
                     self._items[pathcomponents[0]] = item
-                    self._modified = True
+                    self._committed = False
                     self.notify(ADD, self, pathcomponents[0], item)
                 return item
             else:
                 if item is None:
                     # create new collection
-                    item = Subcollection(self)
+                    item = Subcollection(self, pathcomponents[0])
                     self._items[pathcomponents[0]] = item
-                    self._modified = True
+                    self._committed = False
                     self.notify(ADD, self, pathcomponents[0], item)
-                del pathcomponents[0]
-                if isinstance(item, SynchronizedCollectionBase):
-                    return item.find_or_create("/".join(pathcomponents), create_type)
+                if isinstance(item, RichCollectionBase):
+                    return item.find_or_create(pathcomponents[1], create_type)
                 else:
-                    raise IOError((errno.ENOTDIR, "Interior path components must be subcollection"))
+                    raise IOError(errno.ENOTDIR, "Not a directory: '%s'" % pathcomponents[0])
         else:
             return self
 
@@ -564,29 +568,34 @@ class SynchronizedCollectionBase(CollectionBase):
         found.
 
         """
-        pathcomponents = path.split("/")
+        if not path:
+            raise errors.ArgumentError("Parameter 'path' is empty.")
 
-        if pathcomponents and pathcomponents[0]:
-            item = self._items.get(pathcomponents[0])
-            if len(pathcomponents) == 1:
-                # item must be a file
-                return item
-            else:
-                del pathcomponents[0]
-                if isinstance(item, SynchronizedCollectionBase):
-                    return item.find("/".join(pathcomponents))
-                else:
-                    raise IOError((errno.ENOTDIR, "Interior path components must be subcollection"))
+        pathcomponents = path.split("/", 1)
+        item = self._items.get(pathcomponents[0])
+        if len(pathcomponents) == 1:
+            return item
         else:
-            return self
+            if isinstance(item, RichCollectionBase):
+                if pathcomponents[1]:
+                    return item.find(pathcomponents[1])
+                else:
+                    return item
+            else:
+                raise IOError(errno.ENOTDIR, "Is not a directory: %s" % pathcomponents[0])
 
-    def mkdirs(path):
+    @synchronized
+    def mkdirs(self, path):
         """Recursive subcollection create.
 
-        Like `os.mkdirs()`.  Will create intermediate subcollections needed to
-        contain the leaf subcollection path.
+        Like `os.makedirs()`.  Will create intermediate subcollections needed
+        to contain the leaf subcollection path.
 
         """
+
+        if self.find(path) != None:
+            raise IOError(errno.EEXIST, "Directory or file exists: '%s'" % path)
+
         return self.find_or_create(path, COLLECTION)
 
     def open(self, path, mode="r"):
@@ -612,8 +621,8 @@ class SynchronizedCollectionBase(CollectionBase):
             raise errors.ArgumentError("Bad mode '%s'" % mode)
         create = (mode != "r")
 
-        if create and self.sync_mode() == SYNC_READONLY:
-            raise IOError((errno.EROFS, "Collection is read only"))
+        if create and not self.writable():
+            raise IOError(errno.EROFS, "Collection is read only")
 
         if create:
             arvfile = self.find_or_create(path, FILE)
@@ -621,9 +630,9 @@ class SynchronizedCollectionBase(CollectionBase):
             arvfile = self.find(path)
 
         if arvfile is None:
-            raise IOError((errno.ENOENT, "File not found"))
+            raise IOError(errno.ENOENT, "File not found")
         if not isinstance(arvfile, ArvadosFile):
-            raise IOError((errno.EISDIR, "Path must refer to a file."))
+            raise IOError(errno.EISDIR, "Is a directory: %s" % path)
 
         if mode[0] == "w":
             arvfile.truncate(0)
@@ -631,49 +640,49 @@ class SynchronizedCollectionBase(CollectionBase):
         name = os.path.basename(path)
 
         if mode == "r":
-            return ArvadosFileReader(arvfile, name, mode, num_retries=self.num_retries)
+            return ArvadosFileReader(arvfile, num_retries=self.num_retries)
         else:
-            return ArvadosFileWriter(arvfile, name, mode, num_retries=self.num_retries)
+            return ArvadosFileWriter(arvfile, mode, num_retries=self.num_retries)
 
-    @synchronized
     def modified(self):
-        """Test if the collection (or any subcollection or file) has been modified
-        since it was created."""
-        if self._modified:
-            return True
-        for k,v in self._items.items():
-            if v.modified():
-                return True
-        return False
+        """Determine if the collection has been modified since last commited."""
+        return not self.committed()
+
+    @synchronized
+    def committed(self):
+        """Determine if the collection has been committed to the API server."""
+
+        if self._committed is False:
+            return False
+        for v in self._items.values():
+            if v.committed() is False:
+                return False
+        return True
 
     @synchronized
-    def set_unmodified(self):
-        """Recursively clear modified flag."""
-        self._modified = False
+    def set_committed(self):
+        """Recursively set committed flag to True."""
+        self._committed = True
         for k,v in self._items.items():
-            v.set_unmodified()
+            v.set_committed()
 
     @synchronized
     def __iter__(self):
         """Iterate over names of files and collections contained in this collection."""
         return iter(self._items.keys())
 
-    @synchronized
-    def iterkeys(self):
-        """Iterate over names of files and collections directly contained in this collection."""
-        return self._items.keys()
-
     @synchronized
     def __getitem__(self, k):
-        """Get a file or collection that is directly contained by this collection.  If
-        you want to search a path, use `find()` instead.
+        """Get a file or collection that is directly contained by this collection.
+
+        If you want to search a path, use `find()` instead.
+
         """
         return self._items[k]
 
     @synchronized
     def __contains__(self, k):
-        """If there is a file or collection a directly contained by this collection
-        with name `k`."""
+        """Test if there is a file or collection a directly contained by this collection."""
         return k in self._items
 
     @synchronized
@@ -686,7 +695,7 @@ class SynchronizedCollectionBase(CollectionBase):
     def __delitem__(self, p):
         """Delete an item by name which is directly contained by this collection."""
         del self._items[p]
-        self._modified = True
+        self._committed = False
         self.notify(DEL, self, p, None)
 
     @synchronized
@@ -706,7 +715,7 @@ class SynchronizedCollectionBase(CollectionBase):
 
     def exists(self, path):
         """Test if there is a file or collection at `path`."""
-        return self.find(path) != None
+        return self.find(path) is not None
 
     @must_be_writable
     @synchronized
@@ -716,60 +725,84 @@ class SynchronizedCollectionBase(CollectionBase):
         :recursive:
           Specify whether to remove non-empty subcollections (True), or raise an error (False).
         """
-        pathcomponents = path.split("/")
 
-        if len(pathcomponents) > 0:
-            item = self._items.get(pathcomponents[0])
-            if item is None:
-                raise IOError((errno.ENOENT, "File not found"))
-            if len(pathcomponents) == 1:
-                if isinstance(self._items[pathcomponents[0]], SynchronizedCollectionBase) and len(self._items[pathcomponents[0]]) > 0 and not recursive:
-                    raise IOError((errno.ENOTEMPTY, "Subcollection not empty"))
-                deleteditem = self._items[pathcomponents[0]]
-                del self._items[pathcomponents[0]]
-                self._modified = True
-                self.notify(DEL, self, pathcomponents[0], deleteditem)
-            else:
-                del pathcomponents[0]
-                item.remove("/".join(pathcomponents))
+        if not path:
+            raise errors.ArgumentError("Parameter 'path' is empty.")
+
+        pathcomponents = path.split("/", 1)
+        item = self._items.get(pathcomponents[0])
+        if item is None:
+            raise IOError(errno.ENOENT, "File not found")
+        if len(pathcomponents) == 1:
+            if isinstance(self._items[pathcomponents[0]], RichCollectionBase) and len(self._items[pathcomponents[0]]) > 0 and not recursive:
+                raise IOError(errno.ENOTEMPTY, "Subcollection not empty")
+            deleteditem = self._items[pathcomponents[0]]
+            del self._items[pathcomponents[0]]
+            self._committed = False
+            self.notify(DEL, self, pathcomponents[0], deleteditem)
         else:
-            raise IOError((errno.ENOENT, "File not found"))
+            item.remove(pathcomponents[1])
 
-    def _cloneinto(self, target):
-        for k,v in self._items.items():
-            target._items[k] = v.clone(target)
+    def _clonefrom(self, source):
+        for k,v in source.items():
+            self._items[k] = v.clone(self, k)
 
     def clone(self):
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
     @must_be_writable
     @synchronized
-    def copy(self, source, target_path, source_collection=None, overwrite=False):
-        """Copy a file or subcollection to a new path in this collection.
-
-        :source:
-          An ArvadosFile, Subcollection, or string with a path to source file or subcollection
+    def add(self, source_obj, target_name, overwrite=False, reparent=False):
+        """Copy or move a file or subcollection to this collection.
 
-        :target_path:
-          Destination file or path.  If the target path already exists and is a
-          subcollection, the item will be placed inside the subcollection.  If
-          the target path already exists and is a file, this will raise an error
-          unless you specify `overwrite=True`.
+        :source_obj:
+          An ArvadosFile, or Subcollection object
 
-        :source_collection:
-          Collection to copy `source_path` from (default `self`)
+        :target_name:
+          Destination item name.  If the target name already exists and is a
+          file, this will raise an error unless you specify `overwrite=True`.
 
         :overwrite:
           Whether to overwrite target file if it already exists.
+
+        :reparent:
+          If True, source_obj will be moved from its parent collection to this collection.
+          If False, source_obj will be copied and the parent collection will be
+          unmodified.
+
         """
+
+        if target_name in self and not overwrite:
+            raise IOError(errno.EEXIST, "File already exists")
+
+        modified_from = None
+        if target_name in self:
+            modified_from = self[target_name]
+
+        # Actually make the move or copy.
+        if reparent:
+            source_obj._reparent(self, target_name)
+            item = source_obj
+        else:
+            item = source_obj.clone(self, target_name)
+
+        self._items[target_name] = item
+        self._committed = False
+
+        if modified_from:
+            self.notify(MOD, self, target_name, (modified_from, item))
+        else:
+            self.notify(ADD, self, target_name, item)
+
+    def _get_src_target(self, source, target_path, source_collection, create_dest):
         if source_collection is None:
             source_collection = self
 
-        # Find the object to copy
+        # Find the object
         if isinstance(source, basestring):
             source_obj = source_collection.find(source)
             if source_obj is None:
-                raise IOError((errno.ENOENT, "File not found"))
+                raise IOError(errno.ENOENT, "File not found")
             sourcecomponents = source.split("/")
         else:
             source_obj = source
@@ -779,41 +812,121 @@ class SynchronizedCollectionBase(CollectionBase):
         targetcomponents = target_path.split("/")
 
         # Determine the name to use.
-        target_name = targetcomponents[-1] if targetcomponents[-1] else (sourcecomponents[-1] if sourcecomponents else None)
+        target_name = targetcomponents[-1] if targetcomponents[-1] else sourcecomponents[-1]
 
         if not target_name:
             raise errors.ArgumentError("Target path is empty and source is an object.  Cannot determine destination filename to use.")
 
-        target_dir = self.find_or_create("/".join(targetcomponents[0:-1]), COLLECTION)
+        if create_dest:
+            target_dir = self.find_or_create("/".join(targetcomponents[0:-1]), COLLECTION)
+        else:
+            if len(targetcomponents) > 1:
+                target_dir = self.find("/".join(targetcomponents[0:-1]))
+            else:
+                target_dir = self
 
-        with target_dir.lock:
-            if target_name in target_dir:
-                if isinstance(target_dir[target_name], SynchronizedCollectionBase) and sourcecomponents:
-                    target_dir = target_dir[target_name]
-                    target_name = sourcecomponents[-1]
-                elif not overwrite:
-                    raise IOError((errno.EEXIST, "File already exists"))
+        if target_dir is None:
+            raise IOError(errno.ENOENT, "Target directory not found.")
 
-            modified_from = None
-            if target_name in target_dir:
-                modified_from = target_dir[target_name]
+        if target_name in target_dir and isinstance(self[target_name], RichCollectionBase) and sourcecomponents:
+            target_dir = target_dir[target_name]
+            target_name = sourcecomponents[-1]
 
-            # Actually make the copy.
-            dup = source_obj.clone(target_dir)
-            target_dir._items[target_name] = dup
-            target_dir._modified = True
+        return (source_obj, target_dir, target_name)
 
-        if modified_from:
-            self.notify(MOD, target_dir, target_name, (modified_from, dup))
-        else:
-            self.notify(ADD, target_dir, target_name, dup)
+    @must_be_writable
+    @synchronized
+    def copy(self, source, target_path, source_collection=None, overwrite=False):
+        """Copy a file or subcollection to a new path in this collection.
+
+        :source:
+          A string with a path to source file or subcollection, or an actual ArvadosFile or Subcollection object.
+
+        :target_path:
+          Destination file or path.  If the target path already exists and is a
+          subcollection, the item will be placed inside the subcollection.  If
+          the target path already exists and is a file, this will raise an error
+          unless you specify `overwrite=True`.
+
+        :source_collection:
+          Collection to copy `source_path` from (default `self`)
+
+        :overwrite:
+          Whether to overwrite target file if it already exists.
+        """
+
+        source_obj, target_dir, target_name = self._get_src_target(source, target_path, source_collection, True)
+        target_dir.add(source_obj, target_name, overwrite, False)
+
+    @must_be_writable
+    @synchronized
+    def rename(self, source, target_path, source_collection=None, overwrite=False):
+        """Move a file or subcollection from `source_collection` to a new path in this collection.
+
+        :source:
+          A string with a path to source file or subcollection.
+
+        :target_path:
+          Destination file or path.  If the target path already exists and is a
+          subcollection, the item will be placed inside the subcollection.  If
+          the target path already exists and is a file, this will raise an error
+          unless you specify `overwrite=True`.
+
+        :source_collection:
+          Collection to copy `source_path` from (default `self`)
+
+        :overwrite:
+          Whether to overwrite target file if it already exists.
+        """
+
+        source_obj, target_dir, target_name = self._get_src_target(source, target_path, source_collection, False)
+        if not source_obj.writable():
+            raise IOError(errno.EROFS, "Source collection is read only.")
+        target_dir.add(source_obj, target_name, overwrite, True)
+
+    def portable_manifest_text(self, stream_name="."):
+        """Get the manifest text for this collection, sub collections and files.
+
+        This method does not flush outstanding blocks to Keep.  It will return
+        a normalized manifest with access tokens stripped.
+
+        :stream_name:
+          Name to use for this stream (directory)
+
+        """
+        return self._get_manifest_text(stream_name, True, True)
 
     @synchronized
     def manifest_text(self, stream_name=".", strip=False, normalize=False):
         """Get the manifest text for this collection, sub collections and files.
 
+        This method will flush outstanding blocks to Keep.  By default, it will
+        not normalize an unmodified manifest or strip access tokens.
+
+        :stream_name:
+          Name to use for this stream (directory)
+
+        :strip:
+          If True, remove signing tokens from block locators if present.
+          If False (default), block locators are left unchanged.
+
+        :normalize:
+          If True, always export the manifest text in normalized form
+          even if the Collection is not modified.  If False (default) and the collection
+          is not modified, return the original manifest text even if it is not
+          in normalized form.
+
+        """
+
+        self._my_block_manager().commit_all()
+        return self._get_manifest_text(stream_name, strip, normalize)
+
+    @synchronized
+    def _get_manifest_text(self, stream_name, strip, normalize):
+        """Get the manifest text for this collection, sub collections and files.
+
         :stream_name:
-          Name of the stream (directory)
+          Name to use for this stream (directory)
 
         :strip:
           If True, remove signing tokens from block locators if present.
@@ -827,14 +940,13 @@ class SynchronizedCollectionBase(CollectionBase):
 
         """
 
-        if self.modified() or self._manifest_text is None or normalize:
-            item  = self
+        if not self.committed() or self._manifest_text is None or normalize:
             stream = {}
-            buf = ""
-            sorted_keys = sorted(item.keys())
-            for filename in [s for s in sorted_keys if isinstance(item[s], ArvadosFile)]:
+            buf = []
+            sorted_keys = sorted(self.keys())
+            for filename in [s for s in sorted_keys if isinstance(self[s], ArvadosFile)]:
                 # Create a stream per file `k`
-                arvfile = item[filename]
+                arvfile = self[filename]
                 filestream = []
                 for segment in arvfile.segments():
                     loc = segment.locator
@@ -846,11 +958,10 @@ class SynchronizedCollectionBase(CollectionBase):
                                          segment.segment_offset, segment.range_size))
                 stream[filename] = filestream
             if stream:
-                buf += ' '.join(normalize_stream(stream_name, stream))
-                buf += "\n"
-            for dirname in [s for s in sorted_keys if isinstance(item[s], SynchronizedCollectionBase)]:
-                buf += item[dirname].manifest_text(stream_name=os.path.join(stream_name, dirname), strip=strip)
-            return buf
+                buf.append(" ".join(normalize_stream(stream_name, stream)) + "\n")
+            for dirname in [s for s in sorted_keys if isinstance(self[s], RichCollectionBase)]:
+                buf.append(self[dirname].manifest_text(stream_name=os.path.join(stream_name, dirname), strip=strip, normalize=True))
+            return "".join(buf)
         else:
             if strip:
                 return self.stripped_manifest()
@@ -859,24 +970,27 @@ class SynchronizedCollectionBase(CollectionBase):
 
     @synchronized
     def diff(self, end_collection, prefix=".", holding_collection=None):
-        """
-        Generate list of add/modify/delete actions which, when given to `apply`, will
-        change `self` to match `end_collection`
+        """Generate list of add/modify/delete actions.
+
+        When given to `apply`, will change `self` to match `end_collection`
+
         """
         changes = []
         if holding_collection is None:
             holding_collection = Collection(api_client=self._my_api(), keep_client=self._my_keep())
         for k in self:
             if k not in end_collection:
-               changes.append((DEL, os.path.join(prefix, k), self[k].clone(holding_collection)))
+               changes.append((DEL, os.path.join(prefix, k), self[k].clone(holding_collection, "")))
         for k in end_collection:
             if k in self:
                 if isinstance(end_collection[k], Subcollection) and isinstance(self[k], Subcollection):
                     changes.extend(self[k].diff(end_collection[k], os.path.join(prefix, k), holding_collection))
                 elif end_collection[k] != self[k]:
-                    changes.append((MOD, os.path.join(prefix, k), self[k].clone(holding_collection), end_collection[k].clone(holding_collection)))
+                    changes.append((MOD, os.path.join(prefix, k), self[k].clone(holding_collection, ""), end_collection[k].clone(holding_collection, "")))
+                else:
+                    changes.append((TOK, os.path.join(prefix, k), self[k].clone(holding_collection, ""), end_collection[k].clone(holding_collection, "")))
             else:
-                changes.append((ADD, os.path.join(prefix, k), end_collection[k].clone(holding_collection)))
+                changes.append((ADD, os.path.join(prefix, k), end_collection[k].clone(holding_collection, "")))
         return changes
 
     @must_be_writable
@@ -888,12 +1002,14 @@ class SynchronizedCollectionBase(CollectionBase):
         alternate path indicating the conflict.
 
         """
+        if changes:
+            self._committed = False
         for change in changes:
             event_type = change[0]
             path = change[1]
             initial = change[2]
             local = self.find(path)
-            conflictpath = "%s~conflict-%s~" % (path, time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H:%M:%S",
+            conflictpath = "%s~%s~conflict~" % (path, time.strftime("%Y%m%d-%H%M%S",
                                                                     time.gmtime()))
             if event_type == ADD:
                 if local is None:
@@ -903,7 +1019,7 @@ class SynchronizedCollectionBase(CollectionBase):
                     # There is already local file and it is different:
                     # save change to conflict file.
                     self.copy(initial, conflictpath)
-            elif event_type == MOD:
+            elif event_type == MOD or event_type == TOK:
                 final = change[3]
                 if local == initial:
                     # Local matches the "initial" item so it has not
@@ -928,14 +1044,32 @@ class SynchronizedCollectionBase(CollectionBase):
 
     def portable_data_hash(self):
         """Get the portable data hash for this collection's manifest."""
-        stripped = self.manifest_text(strip=True)
+        stripped = self.portable_manifest_text()
         return hashlib.md5(stripped).hexdigest() + '+' + str(len(stripped))
 
+    @synchronized
+    def subscribe(self, callback):
+        if self._callback is None:
+            self._callback = callback
+        else:
+            raise errors.ArgumentError("A callback is already set on this collection.")
+
+    @synchronized
+    def unsubscribe(self):
+        if self._callback is not None:
+            self._callback = None
+
+    @synchronized
+    def notify(self, event, collection, name, item):
+        if self._callback:
+            self._callback(event, collection, name, item)
+        self.root_collection().notify(event, collection, name, item)
+
     @synchronized
     def __eq__(self, other):
         if other is self:
             return True
-        if not isinstance(other, SynchronizedCollectionBase):
+        if not isinstance(other, RichCollectionBase):
             return False
         if len(self._items) != len(other):
             return False
@@ -949,12 +1083,22 @@ class SynchronizedCollectionBase(CollectionBase):
     def __ne__(self, other):
         return not self.__eq__(other)
 
+    @synchronized
+    def flush(self):
+        """Flush bufferblocks to Keep."""
+        for e in self.values():
+            e.flush()
+
 
-class Collection(SynchronizedCollectionBase):
-    """Represents the root of an Arvados Collection, which may be associated with
-    an API server Collection record.
+class Collection(RichCollectionBase):
+    """Represents the root of an Arvados Collection.
+
+    This class is threadsafe.  The root collection object, all subcollections
+    and files are protected by a single lock (i.e. each access locks the entire
+    collection).
 
-    Brief summary of useful methods:
+    Brief summary of
+    useful methods:
 
     :To read an existing file:
       `c.open("myfile", "r")`
@@ -980,9 +1124,8 @@ class Collection(SynchronizedCollectionBase):
     :To merge remote changes into this object:
       `c.update()`
 
-    This class is threadsafe.  The root collection object, all subcollections
-    and files are protected by a single lock (i.e. each access locks the entire
-    collection).
+    Must be associated with an API server Collection record (during
+    initialization, or using `save_new`) to use `save` or `update`
 
     """
 
@@ -1028,10 +1171,9 @@ class Collection(SynchronizedCollectionBase):
         self._manifest_locator = None
         self._manifest_text = None
         self._api_response = None
+        self._past_versions = set()
 
-        self._sync = SYNC_EXPLICIT
         self.lock = threading.RLock()
-        self.callbacks = []
         self.events = None
 
         if manifest_locator_or_text:
@@ -1043,10 +1185,12 @@ class Collection(SynchronizedCollectionBase):
                 self._manifest_text = manifest_locator_or_text
             else:
                 raise errors.ArgumentError(
-                    "Argument to CollectionReader must be a manifest or a collection UUID")
-
-            self._populate()
+                    "Argument to CollectionReader is not a manifest or a collection UUID")
 
+            try:
+                self._populate()
+            except (IOError, errors.SyntaxError) as e:
+                raise errors.ArgumentError("Error processing manifest text: %s", e)
 
     def root_collection(self):
         return self
@@ -1054,23 +1198,35 @@ class Collection(SynchronizedCollectionBase):
     def stream_name(self):
         return "."
 
-    def sync_mode(self):
-        return self._sync
+    def writable(self):
+        return True
+
+    @synchronized
+    def known_past_version(self, modified_at_and_portable_data_hash):
+        return modified_at_and_portable_data_hash in self._past_versions
 
     @synchronized
     @retry_method
     def update(self, other=None, num_retries=None):
-        """Fetch the latest collection record on the API server and merge it with the
-        current collection contents.
+        """Merge the latest collection on the API server with the current collection."""
 
-        """
         if other is None:
             if self._manifest_locator is None:
                 raise errors.ArgumentError("`other` is None but collection does not have a manifest_locator uuid")
             response = self._my_api().collections().get(uuid=self._manifest_locator).execute(num_retries=num_retries)
+            if (self.known_past_version((response.get("modified_at"), response.get("portable_data_hash"))) and
+                response.get("portable_data_hash") != self.portable_data_hash()):
+                # The record on the server is different from our current one, but we've seen it before,
+                # so ignore it because it's already been merged.
+                # However, if it's the same as our current record, proceed with the update, because we want to update
+                # our tokens.
+                return
+            else:
+                self._past_versions.add((response.get("modified_at"), response.get("portable_data_hash")))
             other = CollectionReader(response["manifest_text"])
         baseline = CollectionReader(self._manifest_text)
         self.apply(baseline.diff(other))
+        self._manifest_text = self.manifest_text()
 
     @synchronized
     def _my_api(self):
@@ -1094,6 +1250,10 @@ class Collection(SynchronizedCollectionBase):
             self._block_manager = _BlockManager(self._my_keep())
         return self._block_manager
 
+    def _remember_api_response(self, response):
+        self._api_response = response
+        self._past_versions.add((response.get("modified_at"), response.get("portable_data_hash")))
+
     def _populate_from_api_server(self):
         # As in KeepClient itself, we must wait until the last
         # possible moment to instantiate an API client, in order to
@@ -1103,9 +1263,9 @@ class Collection(SynchronizedCollectionBase):
         # clause, just like any other Collection lookup
         # failure. Return an exception, or None if successful.
         try:
-            self._api_response = self._my_api().collections().get(
+            self._remember_api_response(self._my_api().collections().get(
                 uuid=self._manifest_locator).execute(
-                    num_retries=self.num_retries)
+                    num_retries=self.num_retries))
             self._manifest_text = self._api_response['manifest_text']
             return None
         except Exception as e:
@@ -1144,7 +1304,7 @@ class Collection(SynchronizedCollectionBase):
             error_via_keep = self._populate_from_keep()
         if self._manifest_text is None:
             # Nothing worked!
-            raise arvados.errors.NotFoundError(
+            raise errors.NotFoundError(
                 ("Failed to retrieve collection '{}' " +
                  "from either API server ({}) or Keep ({})."
                  ).format(
@@ -1164,13 +1324,31 @@ class Collection(SynchronizedCollectionBase):
 
     def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
         """Support scoped auto-commit in a with: block."""
-        if self._sync != SYNC_READONLY and self._has_collection_uuid():
-            self.save()
+        if exc_type is None:
+            if self.writable() and self._has_collection_uuid():
+                self.save()
+        self.stop_threads()
+
+    def stop_threads(self):
         if self._block_manager is not None:
             self._block_manager.stop_threads()
 
     @synchronized
-    def clone(self, new_parent=None, readonly=False, new_config=None):
+    def manifest_locator(self):
+        """Get the manifest locator, if any.
+
+        The manifest locator will be set when the collection is loaded from an
+        API server record or the portable data hash of a manifest.
+
+        The manifest locator will be None if the collection is newly created or
+        was created directly from manifest text.  The method `save_new()` will
+        assign a manifest locator.
+
+        """
+        return self._manifest_locator
+
+    @synchronized
+    def clone(self, new_parent=None, new_name=None, readonly=False, new_config=None):
         if new_config is None:
             new_config = self._config
         if readonly:
@@ -1178,9 +1356,7 @@ class Collection(SynchronizedCollectionBase):
         else:
             newcollection = Collection(parent=new_parent, apiconfig=new_config)
 
-        newcollection._sync = None
-        self._cloneinto(newcollection)
-        newcollection._sync = SYNC_READONLY if readonly else SYNC_EXPLICIT
+        newcollection._clonefrom(self)
         return newcollection
 
     @synchronized
@@ -1194,21 +1370,21 @@ class Collection(SynchronizedCollectionBase):
         return self._api_response
 
     def find_or_create(self, path, create_type):
-        """See `SynchronizedCollectionBase.find_or_create`"""
+        """See `RichCollectionBase.find_or_create`"""
         if path == ".":
             return self
         else:
             return super(Collection, self).find_or_create(path[2:] if path.startswith("./") else path, create_type)
 
     def find(self, path):
-        """See `SynchronizedCollectionBase.find`"""
+        """See `RichCollectionBase.find`"""
         if path == ".":
             return self
         else:
             return super(Collection, self).find(path[2:] if path.startswith("./") else path)
 
     def remove(self, path, recursive=False):
-        """See `SynchronizedCollectionBase.remove`"""
+        """See `RichCollectionBase.remove`"""
         if path == ".":
             raise errors.ArgumentError("Cannot remove '.'")
         else:
@@ -1218,52 +1394,66 @@ class Collection(SynchronizedCollectionBase):
     @synchronized
     @retry_method
     def save(self, merge=True, num_retries=None):
-        """Commit pending buffer blocks to Keep, merge with remote record (if
-        update=True), write the manifest to Keep, and update the collection
-        record.
+        """Save collection to an existing collection record.
+
+        Commit pending buffer blocks to Keep, merge with remote record (if
+        merge=True, the default), and update the collection record.  Returns
+        the current manifest text.
 
         Will raise AssertionError if not associated with a collection record on
         the API server.  If you want to save a manifest to Keep only, see
         `save_new()`.
 
-        :update:
+        :merge:
           Update and merge remote changes before saving.  Otherwise, any
           remote changes will be ignored and overwritten.
 
+        :num_retries:
+          Retry count on API calls (if None,  use the collection default)
+
         """
-        if self.modified():
+        if not self.committed():
             if not self._has_collection_uuid():
-                raise AssertionError("Collection manifest_locator must be a collection uuid.  Use save_new() for new collections.")
+                raise AssertionError("Collection manifest_locator is not a collection uuid.  Use save_new() for new collections.")
+
             self._my_block_manager().commit_all()
+
             if merge:
                 self.update()
-            self._my_keep().put(self.manifest_text(strip=True), num_retries=num_retries)
 
             text = self.manifest_text(strip=False)
-            self._api_response = self._my_api().collections().update(
+            self._remember_api_response(self._my_api().collections().update(
                 uuid=self._manifest_locator,
                 body={'manifest_text': text}
                 ).execute(
-                    num_retries=num_retries)
+                    num_retries=num_retries))
             self._manifest_text = self._api_response["manifest_text"]
-            self.set_unmodified()
+            self.set_committed()
+
+        return self._manifest_text
 
 
     @must_be_writable
     @synchronized
     @retry_method
-    def save_new(self, name=None, create_collection_record=True, owner_uuid=None, ensure_unique_name=False, num_retries=None):
-        """Commit pending buffer blocks to Keep, write the manifest to Keep, and create
-        a new collection record (if create_collection_record True).
-
-        After creating a new collection record, this Collection object will be
-        associated with the new record used by `save()`.
+    def save_new(self, name=None,
+                 create_collection_record=True,
+                 owner_uuid=None,
+                 ensure_unique_name=False,
+                 num_retries=None):
+        """Save collection to a new collection record.
+
+        Commit pending buffer blocks to Keep and, when create_collection_record
+        is True (default), create a new collection record.  After creating a
+        new collection record, this Collection object will be associated with
+        the new record used by `save()`.  Returns the current manifest text.
 
         :name:
           The collection name.
 
-        :keep_only:
-          Only save the manifest to keep, do not create a collection record.
+        :create_collection_record:
+           If True, create a collection record on the API server.
+           If False, only commit blocks to Keep and return the manifest text.
 
         :owner_uuid:
           the user, or project uuid that will own this collection.
@@ -1274,40 +1464,32 @@ class Collection(SynchronizedCollectionBase):
           if it conflicts with a collection with the same name and owner.  If
           False, a name conflict will result in an error.
 
+        :num_retries:
+          Retry count on API calls (if None,  use the collection default)
+
         """
         self._my_block_manager().commit_all()
-        self._my_keep().put(self.manifest_text(strip=True), num_retries=num_retries)
         text = self.manifest_text(strip=False)
 
         if create_collection_record:
             if name is None:
-                name = "Collection created %s" % (time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z", time.localtime()))
+                name = "New collection"
+                ensure_unique_name = True
 
             body = {"manifest_text": text,
                     "name": name}
             if owner_uuid:
                 body["owner_uuid"] = owner_uuid
 
-            self._api_response = self._my_api().collections().create(ensure_unique_name=ensure_unique_name, body=body).execute(num_retries=num_retries)
+            self._remember_api_response(self._my_api().collections().create(ensure_unique_name=ensure_unique_name, body=body).execute(num_retries=num_retries))
             text = self._api_response["manifest_text"]
 
             self._manifest_locator = self._api_response["uuid"]
 
-        self._manifest_text = text
-        self.set_unmodified()
+            self._manifest_text = text
+            self.set_committed()
 
-    @synchronized
-    def subscribe(self, callback):
-        self.callbacks.append(callback)
-
-    @synchronized
-    def unsubscribe(self, callback):
-        self.callbacks.remove(callback)
-
-    @synchronized
-    def notify(self, event, collection, name, item):
-        for c in self.callbacks:
-            c(event, collection, name, item)
+        return text
 
     @synchronized
     def _import_manifest(self, manifest_text):
@@ -1320,9 +1502,6 @@ class Collection(SynchronizedCollectionBase):
         if len(self) > 0:
             raise ArgumentError("Can only import manifest into an empty collection")
 
-        save_sync = self.sync_mode()
-        self._sync = None
-
         STREAM_NAME = 0
         BLOCKS = 1
         SEGMENTS = 2
@@ -1330,9 +1509,9 @@ class Collection(SynchronizedCollectionBase):
         stream_name = None
         state = STREAM_NAME
 
-        for n in re.finditer(r'(\S+)(\s+|$)', manifest_text):
-            tok = n.group(1)
-            sep = n.group(2)
+        for token_and_separator in re.finditer(r'(\S+)(\s+|$)', manifest_text):
+            tok = token_and_separator.group(1)
+            sep = token_and_separator.group(2)
 
             if state == STREAM_NAME:
                 # starting a new stream
@@ -1341,59 +1520,66 @@ class Collection(SynchronizedCollectionBase):
                 segments = []
                 streamoffset = 0L
                 state = BLOCKS
+                self.find_or_create(stream_name, COLLECTION)
                 continue
 
             if state == BLOCKS:
-                s = re.match(r'[0-9a-f]{32}\+(\d+)(\+\S+)*', tok)
-                if s:
-                    blocksize = long(s.group(1))
-                    blocks.append(Range(tok, streamoffset, blocksize))
+                block_locator = re.match(r'[0-9a-f]{32}\+(\d+)(\+\S+)*', tok)
+                if block_locator:
+                    blocksize = long(block_locator.group(1))
+                    blocks.append(Range(tok, streamoffset, blocksize, 0))
                     streamoffset += blocksize
                 else:
                     state = SEGMENTS
 
             if state == SEGMENTS:
-                s = re.search(r'^(\d+):(\d+):(\S+)', tok)
-                if s:
-                    pos = long(s.group(1))
-                    size = long(s.group(2))
-                    name = s.group(3).replace('\\040', ' ')
+                file_segment = re.search(r'^(\d+):(\d+):(\S+)', tok)
+                if file_segment:
+                    pos = long(file_segment.group(1))
+                    size = long(file_segment.group(2))
+                    name = file_segment.group(3).replace('\\040', ' ')
                     filepath = os.path.join(stream_name, name)
-                    f = self.find_or_create(filepath, FILE)
-                    if isinstance(f, ArvadosFile):
-                        f.add_segment(blocks, pos, size)
+                    afile = self.find_or_create(filepath, FILE)
+                    if isinstance(afile, ArvadosFile):
+                        afile.add_segment(blocks, pos, size)
                     else:
                         raise errors.SyntaxError("File %s conflicts with stream of the same name.", filepath)
                 else:
                     # error!
-                    raise errors.SyntaxError("Invalid manifest format")
+                    raise errors.SyntaxError("Invalid manifest format, expected file segment but did not match format: '%s'" % tok)
 
             if sep == "\n":
                 stream_name = None
                 state = STREAM_NAME
 
-        self.set_unmodified()
-        self._sync = save_sync
+        self.set_committed()
+
+    @synchronized
+    def notify(self, event, collection, name, item):
+        if self._callback:
+            self._callback(event, collection, name, item)
 
 
-class Subcollection(SynchronizedCollectionBase):
+class Subcollection(RichCollectionBase):
     """This is a subdirectory within a collection that doesn't have its own API
     server record.
 
-    It falls under the umbrella of the root collection.
+    Subcollection locking falls under the umbrella lock of its root collection.
 
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, parent):
+    def __init__(self, parent, name):
         super(Subcollection, self).__init__(parent)
         self.lock = self.root_collection().lock
         self._manifest_text = None
+        self.name = name
+        self.num_retries = parent.num_retries
 
     def root_collection(self):
         return self.parent.root_collection()
 
-    def sync_mode(self):
-        return self.root_collection().sync_mode()
+    def writable(self):
+        return self.root_collection().writable()
 
     def _my_api(self):
         return self.root_collection()._my_api()
@@ -1404,43 +1590,49 @@ class Subcollection(SynchronizedCollectionBase):
     def _my_block_manager(self):
         return self.root_collection()._my_block_manager()
 
-    def notify(self, event, collection, name, item):
-        return self.root_collection().notify(event, collection, name, item)
-
     def stream_name(self):
-        for k, v in self.parent.items():
-            if v is self:
-                return os.path.join(self.parent.stream_name(), k)
-        return '.'
+        return os.path.join(self.parent.stream_name(), self.name)
 
     @synchronized
-    def clone(self, new_parent):
-        c = Subcollection(new_parent)
-        self._cloneinto(c)
+    def clone(self, new_parent, new_name):
+        c = Subcollection(new_parent, new_name)
+        c._clonefrom(self)
         return c
 
+    @must_be_writable
+    @synchronized
+    def _reparent(self, newparent, newname):
+        self._committed = False
+        self.flush()
+        self.parent.remove(self.name, recursive=True)
+        self.parent = newparent
+        self.name = newname
+        self.lock = self.parent.root_collection().lock
+
 
 class CollectionReader(Collection):
-    """A read-only collection object from an api collection record locator,
-    a portable data hash of a manifest, or raw manifest text.
+    """A read-only collection object.
 
-    See `Collection` constructor for detailed options.
+    Initialize from an api collection record locator, a portable data hash of a
+    manifest, or raw manifest text.  See `Collection` constructor for detailed
+    options.
 
     """
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        if not args and not kwargs.get("manifest_locator_or_text"):
-            raise errors.ArgumentError("Must provide manifest locator or text to initialize ReadOnlyCollection")
-
-        super(CollectionReader, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+    def __init__(self, manifest_locator_or_text, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._in_init = True
+        super(CollectionReader, self).__init__(manifest_locator_or_text, *args, **kwargs)
+        self._in_init = False
 
         # Forego any locking since it should never change once initialized.
         self.lock = NoopLock()
-        self._sync = SYNC_READONLY
 
         # Backwards compatability with old CollectionReader
         # all_streams() and all_files()
         self._streams = None
 
+    def writable(self):
+        return self._in_init
+
     def _populate_streams(orig_func):
         @functools.wraps(orig_func)
         def populate_streams_wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):